Factors Influencing Practice With Children Flashcards
Factors influencing occupation with children
- participation in occupation meets a basic human need
- Beverly child’s goal
- determinant of health
- serves as a means of organizing time, space, and materials
- play is a key area of occupation for children and is a means and an end
Elements of occupational performance: PERSON
- we must consider how we enhance the child’s ability to engage in the occupation
- sensory
- cognitive
- physical
- emotional
Transactional relationships and context affecting child development (circle diagram)
- child: age, diagnosis, development (innermost circle)
- family, caregivers, home
- extended family, culture, community
- geopolitical context: healthcare, disability/social rights, government (outermost circle)
Factors affecting occupation in children
Child:
- competence, self-efficacy and self-esteem (if a child does not have a lot of success engaging in fine motor skills or gross motor skills, their competency and self esteem will not be very high)
Family:
- supportive family
- availability of family time and opportunities
- family preferences for recreation and skill
Environment:
- accessible, supportive community
- supportive social relationships
Build risk and resilience in children
- characteristics of one who achieves a positive outcome in context of risk
- dynamic process that is redefined over time
- protective factors: characteristics of child, family, and environment that reduce negative effect of adversity on child
Risk and resilience factors
- child protective factors: strong self-esteem, positive communication skills, intelligence, emotional regulation, temperament, coping strategies, and attention
- family protective factors: love, safety, security, nutrition, shelter, family cohesion, nurturing, harmony
- community protective factors: neighborhood, youth organizations, schools, social support, external resources, mentoring, and relationships with adults
Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) pyramid
- ACE is always something we consider with families
- ACE = something negative that happens in the child’s upbringing that kind of has a long-term impact
- early death (top)
- disease, disability, social problems
- adoption of health-risk behaviors
- social, emotional, and cognitive impairment
- disrupted neurodevelopment
- adverse childhood experiences (bottom)
ACEs (Adverse childhood experiences)
- potentially traumatic events that occur in childhood (0-17 years)
- experiencing violence, abuse, or neglect
- witnessing violence in the home or community
- having a family member attempt or die by suicide
Includes aspects of the environment that can undermine their sense of safety, stability, and bonding, such as growing up in a household with: - substance use problems
- mental health problems
- instability due to parental separation or household members being in jail or prison
- ACEs are common
- about 61% of adults surveyed across 25 states reported that they had experienced at least one type of ACE
- 1 in 6 reported they had experienced 4 or more types of ACEs
- preventing ACEs could potentially reduce a large number of health conditions
- 1.9 million cases of heart disease
- 21 million cases of depression
- some children are at greater risk than others
- women
- certain racial/ethnic minority groups were at greater risk for having experienced 4 or more types of ACEs
- ACEs are costly (the economic and social costs to families, communities, and society totals hundreds of billions of dollars each year)
ACE quote
“Trauma-informed care means coming into any new relationship with the understanding that what happens before matters to that person. And what happened before has an effect on the person they are bringing in front of you today”
Activity and occupational demands
- you CANNOT make a child do something they do not want to do (you have to find another way to engage them)
- relevance and importance to client
- objects used and their properties
- space demands
- social demands
- sequencing and timing
- required action and performance skills
- required body function
- required body structures
Performance patterns
- habits
- routines
- roles
- rituals
Context and environment
- personal
- temporal
- virtual
- cultural
- social
- physical
Temperament
- a person or animal’s nature, especially as it permanently affects their behavior
- characteristic or habitual inclination or mode of emotional response
Social-emotional development (temperament)
- how one processes and responds to the environment
- activity level (are they active or chill?)
- approach or withdrawal
- distractability
- intensity of response
- attention span and persistence
- quality of mood
- rhythmicity (are they consistent with their mood?)
- threshold of response
- adaptability
Social-emotional development
- related to temperament
- modulation of emotional reactions
- ability to control emotions and use adaptive behaviors when frustrated or mad
- self-control = our ability to control our actions (does not develop until 24-48 months - TEST question!)
- self-regulation = ability to calm yourself down (does not develop until over 36 months - TEST question!)
