Factors Affecting Transfers And Stores Of Matter In A Drainage Basin Flashcards
Name the 7 factors affecting transfers and stores
Rock type, soil type, seasons, relief, rainfall, GEOLOGY, URBAN AREAS
What is the nemonic for the 7 types
USSR GR
What does thick vegetation create
More opportunities for interception and evaporation from the leaves of trees
What happens when water doesn’t directly reach the ground
Any water that doesn’t directly reach the ground will take longer to go through the system
What are the two types of soil type
Porous and less porous// permeable and impermeable
What does porous/ permeable mean
Water can pass through and infiltrate quickly as the soil has big air spaces
What does non porous/ impermeable mean
Water cannot infiltrate, meaning overland flow becomes the main transfer
Name a porous soil
Sand
Name a non porous soil
Clay
What does the warmer summer temperatures encourage and what does this lower
More evapotranspiration which lowers discharge levels
What happens to soil on hot days
Soil becomes hard baked which means no infiltration
What happens to soil on cold days
Soil becomes frozen meaning no infiltration
What happens when the leaves fall in autumn
Less interception
What does porous rock mean more of and what is reduced
More percolation and groundwater flow which reduces the soil store and the amount of water transferred by overland flow
What is there less of in urban areas
Less vegetation
What does less vegetation in urban areas mean and why and where does the water go
There is less interception, meaning less infiltration due to impermeable surfaces like tarmac and water travels directly to river via overland flow, drains and sewers
Name an impermeable surface in urban areas
Tarmac
What does relief mean
Gradient
What does a steeper drainage basin mean
Less infiltration so surface runoff is the main way of transport and there is less water in the soil store
What does lowland areas mean of
More infiltration, meaning water remains in soil store for longer then moves onto being transferred via throughflow
What does heavy intense rainfall mean for soil
With rain flowing at a faster rate than the soil can accommodate, the soil becomes saturated and infiltration capacity is reached
