Factors Affecting Transfers And Stores Of Matter In A Drainage Basin

Question 1

Name the 7 factors affecting transfers and stores

Answer 1

Rock type, soil type, seasons, relief, rainfall, GEOLOGY, URBAN AREAS

Question 2

What is the nemonic for the 7 types

Answer 2

USSR GR

Question 3

What does thick vegetation create

Answer 3

More opportunities for interception and evaporation from the leaves of trees

Question 4

What happens when water doesn’t directly reach the ground

Answer 4

Any water that doesn’t directly reach the ground will take longer to go through the system

Question 5

What are the two types of soil type

Answer 5

Porous and less porous// permeable and impermeable

Question 6

What does porous/ permeable mean

Answer 6

Water can pass through and infiltrate quickly as the soil has big air spaces

Question 7

What does non porous/ impermeable mean

Answer 7

Water cannot infiltrate, meaning overland flow becomes the main transfer

Question 8

Name a porous soil

Answer 8

Sand

Question 9

Name a non porous soil

Answer 9

Clay

Question 10

What does the warmer summer temperatures encourage and what does this lower

Answer 10

More evapotranspiration which lowers discharge levels

Question 11

What happens to soil on hot days

Answer 11

Soil becomes hard baked which means no infiltration

Question 12

What happens to soil on cold days

Answer 12

Soil becomes frozen meaning no infiltration

Question 13

What happens when the leaves fall in autumn

Answer 13

Less interception

Question 14

What does porous rock mean more of and what is reduced

Answer 14

More percolation and groundwater flow which reduces the soil store and the amount of water transferred by overland flow

Question 15

What is there less of in urban areas

Answer 15

Less vegetation

Question 16

What does less vegetation in urban areas mean and why and where does the water go

Answer 16

There is less interception, meaning less infiltration due to impermeable surfaces like tarmac and water travels directly to river via overland flow, drains and sewers

Question 17

Name an impermeable surface in urban areas

Answer 17

Tarmac

Question 18

What does relief mean

Answer 18

Gradient

Question 19

What does a steeper drainage basin mean

Answer 19

Less infiltration so surface runoff is the main way of transport and there is less water in the soil store

Question 20

What does lowland areas mean of

Answer 20

More infiltration, meaning water remains in soil store for longer then moves onto being transferred via throughflow

Question 21

What does heavy intense rainfall mean for soil

Answer 21

With rain flowing at a faster rate than the soil can accommodate, the soil becomes saturated and infiltration capacity is reached