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Factors affecting food choice Flashcards

1
Q

What factors affect individual food choice?

A

Personal
Social
Economic
Religious
Cultural
Ethical
Environmental
Health

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2
Q

What personal factors can affect an individuals food choice?

A

Personal characteristics such as age, personality, likes and dislikes, occupation, lifestyle and the amount of free time available influence a consumer’s shopping decisions.

These personal factors tend to change at different life stages.

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3
Q

What are social factors?

A

Factors relating to the influence that other people have on us.

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4
Q

What are some social factors?

A

Influence by family, friends and any groups with which we identify such as church groups or sports teams.

Many shopping decisions are a mixture of social interaction and individual decision making.

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5
Q

What are economic factors?

A

Factors relating to financial issues.

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6
Q

How do economic factors such as periods of economic growth affect individual food choice?

A

During periods of economic growth, people shop more frequently and often buy on impulse.

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7
Q

How do economic factors such as periods of economic decline affect individual food choice?

A

Consumers will shop less frequently and buy less products as prices rise.

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8
Q

How do economic factors such as those with more disposable income affect individual food choice?

A

Those with more disposable income have a wider range of foods to choose from and may choose to eat out more often.

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9
Q

How can religious factors affect an individuals food choice?

A

Religious beliefs can affect both the food someone chooses to buy and how that food is prepared.

Religious beliefs can also influence the food that people can eat or must avoid.

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10
Q

Give an example of a religious factor.

A

In Islam, permissible foods and food preparation methods are classified as halal.

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11
Q

How can cultural factors affect an individuals food choice?

A

Cultural factors can determine what a particular group eats, how they eat, where they cook and the opportunities they have to travel and experience different food cultures.

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12
Q

What are cultural factors?

A

Factors relating to customs and traditions in particular societies.

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13
Q

How can ethical factors affect individual food choice?

A

Ethical factors when purchasing food involve thinking about the welfare of the people, animals and communities involved in producing or providing food.

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14
Q

How can environmental factors affect individual food choice?

A

Environmental factors are something that everyone has a responsibility to consider when choosing food.

This includes the energy used in food production processes, food packaging, recycling, organic food and food miles.

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15
Q

How can health affect individual food choice?

A

Health concerns may cause people to exclude foods from their diet for medical reasons ro to prevent disease.

The influence of health issues on food shopping depends on consumers’ interest in their own health and well-being.

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16
Q

What is marketing?

A

Marketing is a complex process that ultimately aims to persuade consumers to buy a particular product or service.

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17
Q

What are financial incentives?

A

Promotions offered by food retailers that are of economic benefit to consumers. They are an important element of a food business’ marketing strategy as they increase profitability.

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18
Q

Give an example of a price promotion.

A

BOGOF
20% off

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19
Q

Give examples of financial incentives.

A

Price promotions
Money-off vouchers
Loyalty cards
Supermarket own brands
Price checking

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20
Q

How is store layout a marketing strategy?

A

Food retailers use strategies regarding their layout to encourage consumers through the door and to get them to stay, because the longer they stay, the more they spend.

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21
Q

What do supermarkets do at their entrance regarding their store layout to influence consumer food choice?

A

At the entrance, their is some clear space to let the consumer adjust to their atmosphere.

The heating may also blow warm air onto consumers, which is psychologically welcoming.

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22
Q

Why are magazines and seasonal offers often placed at the right of the front door?

A

It encourages people to stay and browse, before they do the rest of their shopping.

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23
Q

Why are fruit and vegetables placed at the front of the supermarket?

A

Consumers associate fruit and vegetables with freshness and quality, having them at the front has a positive affect on sales.

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24
Q

Why are essential items such as bread and milk often placed near the back of the store?

A

So that customers have to walk past many other food items and special offers which may appeal to them, making them buy more.

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25
Q

Why are chocolates and sweets often placed at the till?

A

Displays at the checkout are the final temptation for consumers to buy more.

When children are brought into the store this usually tempts them the most and they insist on having their way. This ‘pester power’ is a technique many supermarkets use to increase profit.

26
Q

How is the positioning of the products on the shelf a valuable marketing strategy?

A

‘Eye level is buy level’.

Many branded items will be placed at eye level as studies show this is where most consumers tend to choose products from.

Often own-brand products are placed near the bottom, to discourage consumers buying them.

27
Q

What is advertising?

A

Messages that are intended to inform or encourage particular consumer behaviour and spending.

28
Q

What are the main purposes of advertising?

A
  1. Reach prospective customers and influence their buying behaviour.
  2. Develop increased levels of brand awareness.
  3. Communicate the qualities of specific foods.
  4. Remind consumers about new or existing foods.
  5. Generate repeat purchases.
29
Q

How do advertisers make their products more appealing to their target consumers?

A

Carefully select images, language, music and celebrities that would appeal to their target audience.

30
Q

What characteristics are often included in packaging to create an appealing product?

A

Bright, colourful and glossy packaging creates a perception of quality and increases the likelihood of purchase.

31
Q

What are some examples of media advertisement?

A

Newspapers
Magazines
Television
Cinema

32
Q

What are some examples of outdoors advertisement?

A

Billboard posters
Transportation eg. bus shelters
Illuminated signs

33
Q

What are some examples of direct mail advertisement?

A

Leaflets
Flyers
Vouchers

34
Q

What are some examples of sponsorship advertisement?

A

Sport’s events
Entertainment events
Charitable events

35
Q

What are some examples of online advertisement?

A

Emails
Pop-ups
Web banners
Mobile advertising
Social media

36
Q

What are the three main purposes of food labelling?

A
  1. To provide information about the food/drink.
  2. To distinguish the food/drink from others available.
  3. To provide information so consumers can decide whether the food/drink is safe to eat.
37
Q

In NI who is food labelling controlled by?

A

Food Information Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2014.

38
Q

Who enforces these regulations in NI?

A

Environmental Health Officers within local district councils.

39
Q

It is mandatory that the NAME OF THE FOOD must appear on a food label.
What must this consist of?

A

The name must inform consumers of the precise nature of the product.
Example: Goat’s cheese and tomato pizza.

40
Q

It is mandatory that the LIST OF INGREDIENTS must appear on a food label.
What must this consist of?

A

Ingredients used in the product must be listed in descending order.
This must be provided with a heading that includes the word ‘ingredients’.

41
Q

It is mandatory that the QUANTITY OF CERTAIN INGREDIENTS must appear on a food label.
What must this consist of?

A

The quantities of any ingredients that are emphasised on a label to categorise a food should be shown.
The minimum percentage of the ingredient must be in the ingredient’s list or beside the name of the food.

42
Q

What is it called where all the quantities of any ingredients emphasised on a label to categorise a food must be shown?

A

Quantitative Ingredient Declaration (QUID).

43
Q

It is mandatory that the NET QUANTITY must appear on a food label.
What must this consist of?

A

The actual weight of the food, not including the packaging, must be stated in metric units (kg, g, l or ml)

44
Q

It is mandatory that the INDICATION OF MINIMUM DURABILITY must appear on a food label.
What must this consist of?

A

Two main types of date marks are required:
Best before
Use by

45
Q

What is a ‘best before’ date?

A

The date before which food will be at its best. Foods will remain safe to eat after this date, but the quality may be affected eg. lose its flavour and texture.

46
Q

What types of food is a ‘best before’ date usually placed on?

A

These are usually put on foods which are expected to retain their quality for more than 18 months such as tinned foods eg. tuna or sweetcorn.

47
Q

What is a ‘use by’ date?

A

The date by which food must be eaten; after this date it is likely to become unsafe to eat and could cause food poisoning, even if it smells and looks fine.

48
Q

What types of food is a ‘use by’ date placed on?

A

Products that are highly perishable or go off quickly such as milk, eggs and fresh meat.

49
Q

It is mandatory that the STORAGE CONDITIONS AND CONDITIONS OF USE must appear on a food label.
What must this consist of?

A

Instructions on food labels should be carefully followed to ensure that food is safe and can be enjoyed at its best.

50
Q

It is mandatory that the NAME OR BUSINESS NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE FOOD BUSINESS OPERATOR must appear on a food label.
What must this consist of?

A

The name and address of the food business operator in the EU must appear on the label.

The information provided should be detailed enough to enable a consumer to contact the business.

51
Q

It is mandatory that the PLACE OF ORIGIN OR PROVENANCE must appear on a food label.
What must this consist of?

A

Place of origin or provenance describes where food products come from and must be stated on a food label if the name suggests that it is from or has been made in a different country from where it is produced.

52
Q

It is mandatory that the FOOD ALLERGENS must appear on a food label.
What must this consist of?

A

There are 14 food allergens, plus their derivatives, which by law must be highlighted within the ingredients list on a food product if they have been added deliberately.

This is to enable consumers with food allergies or intolerances to make safe food choices.

53
Q

It is mandatory that the NUTRITION INFORMATION must appear on a food label.
What must this consist of?

A

Nutrition information must appear on food labels in one of two formats: either energy value alone or energy value alongside fat, saturates, sugar and salt.

54
Q

It is mandatory that the ALCOHOL STRENGTH must appear on a food label.
What must this consist of?

A

If a drink contains more than 1.2% alcohol, the strength must be stated on the label.

55
Q

What voluntary information, not required by law, may certain food business choose to add to their food label for marketing purposes?

A
  1. Serving suggestions
  2. Suitability for special diets eg. vegetarian or vegan

These provide consumers with useful information, but should not be misleading.

56
Q

What is a nutritional claim?

A

Any claim on a food label that state, suggest or imply that the food has a particular beneficial nutritional property

57
Q

What is a health claim?

A

Any claim on a food label that states, suggests or implies that a relationship exists between a food category, a food or one of its constituents and health.

58
Q

What must be stated in the ingredients list?

A

When a food is fortified with micronutrients such as vitamins and minerals

59
Q

Explain how the Fairtrade foundation informs consumers when shopping for food.

A

When consumers see the Fairtrade logo, it assures them them that the are supporting producers to improve their quality of life and their communities. It allows consumers to know that international Fairtrade Standards have been met with regards to:

  1. Fair prices paid to producers. The ‘Fairtrade Minimum Price’ ensures that producers will have a consistent reasonable price despite changes in the global market. This means that they can have a secure income, allowing them to plan for the future.
  2. Community investment. A social premium is also paid into a collective fund to be invested into the community, enabling producers to invest into their working conditions.
  3. Safe and health working conditions are guaranteed with Fairtrade. Forced and child labour is prohibited and equality for all is encouraged. This means all workers are protected from abuse in the workplace.
  4. Environmental protection. Fairtrade promotes sustainable and efficient farming, that is non-damaging to the environment. Certain chemicals are not allowed to be used and green farming techniques are encouraged.
60
Q

Explain how the Soil Association labelling scheme informs consumers when shopping for food.

A
  1. The Soil Association sets standards for organic farming, food production, processing and sales. If the food produced is organic this means it has been produced without using unnecessary additives, pesticides or artificial fertilisers which can damage the environment.
  2. Offers assurances over traceability as products can be traced right back to their farm. This is beneficial to farmers who are concerned about the safety of their produce.
  3. Products bearing this label promote recycling and waste reduction so consumers buying these products will have reassurance that the product they are buying has minimal impact on water levels and landfill use in their local area.
  4. Ethical consumers will be reassured that products with this label will have adhered to high standards in regards to animal welfare.

Home Economics (18 decks)

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