factors affecting eyewitness testimony: misleading info Flashcards
1
Q
who were the named researchers?
A
-Loftus and Palmer
2
Q
what did Loftus and Palmer make pp’s do
A
- watch a clip of a car crash
- gave them questions about accident
- asked how fast they believed cars were going when they (crashed, hit, bumped, collided)
3
Q
what were the findings of L and P’s research?
A
- when asked leading questions found average speed changed
- smashed= 40mph
- contacted=32 mph
4
Q
why do leading questions effect EWT?
A
- alters memory
- second variation when they asked pp’s if they saw glass
- pp’s who heard smashed were more likely to report they saw glass more those ho heard less violent verbs
- THERE WAS NO GLASS
5
Q
evaluate how research into leading questions is useful in real life?
A
STRENGTH
- shows consequences of inaccurate EWT and leading questions
- improves the way police and legal system may work
- internal validity and can b generalised
6
Q
evaluate a weakness of getting pp’s to watch a video?
A
WEAKNESS
- artificial stimulus
- clip is different to real life
- cannot replicate levels of stress and emotions can influence memory
- limited
7
Q
explain post event discussion
A
- co witnesses to crime can discuss
- but testimonies may become contaminated
8
Q
who did research into post event discussion?
A
-Gabbert et al
9
Q
explain research into post event discussion?
A
- split pp’s into pairs
- got them to separately watch a video of the same crime but from different angles
- some views were impaired for individuals
- then they discussed what they saw
10
Q
explain finding from Gabbert et al’s research?
A
- 71% mistakingly recalled aspects of event they had not seen in video but picked up in discussion
- control group had 0% error
- shows memory conformity (ISI/NSI)
- often agree with each other
11
Q
evaluate how induvidual differences impact EWT?
A
- found 18-25 and 35-45 were more accurate in recall than 55-75
- however groups were more accurate within their age group (own age bias)
- some groups may appear less accurate due to age but that may not be the factor
