coding, capacity and duration

Question 1

What is coding

Answer 1

When info gets into memory and is stored in different formats

Question 2

What was boadley’s experiment on coding For STM?

Answer 2

Have different lists of words to 4 groups of PP’s to remember

• from acoustically similar to dissimilar to semantically similar/disimilar
• pp’s asks to recall list they were given
• did worse on acoustically similar words

Question 3

What type of coding is used in the STM?

Answer 3

-acoustic coding

Question 4

What type of coding is used in the LTM

Answer 4

Semantically codes

Question 5

What research was done on coding in the LTM

Answer 5

-Bodley’s same experience to for the STM
lists of words to 4 groups of PP’s to remember with acoustically similar/dissimilar words
-difference was pp’s we’re asked to recall after 20 minutes
-did worse with semantically similar words

Question 6

Research on capacity in the STM

Answer 6

1.Joseph Jacobs digit span
-have 4 digits to pp’s asked to recall in order correctly, increases until they can’t remember
Number-9.3
Letters-7.3
2.span of memory and chinking
-things come in sevens
-capacity in stm is 7 (-/+2)

Question 7

What was the mean digit span?

Answer 7

Numbers- 9.3

Letters- 7.3

Question 8

What’s the capacity of the stm?

Answer 8

-7 (+/-2)

Question 9

Research on duration in STM?

Answer 9

-tested 24 undergraduates taking part on 8 trials each given syllables to recall and 3 digit number
Count back from 3 digit number
-asked to stop after different time periods eg. 3,6,12 seconds
-the longer the retention interval the worse the recall
-STM has short duration unless repeated

Question 10

Why did they count down from 3 digit number in the research for duration?

Answer 10

-to prevent mental rehearsal

Question 11

What did research on duration in STM show?

Answer 11

• The longer the retention interval the worse the recall

- stm has short duration unless repeated

Question 12

explain research on duration of the LTM?

Answer 12

• bahrik studied 392 pp’s aged 17-74 with recall test
  1. photo recall with 50 photos from pp’s yr book
  2. free recall where pp’s recalled names from graduating

Question 13

what were the finding for research on duration of the LTM?

Answer 13

-after 48yrs= 70% photo recollection
-free recall worse= 15yrs= 60% accuracy
48yrs- 30% accuracy
-shows ltm lasts a long time

Question 14

what is the coding, capacity and duration of theSTM?

Answer 14

coding- acoustically
capacity- between 7(+/-)2 items
duration- up to 30 seconds (extended by rehearsal)

Question 15

what is the coding, capacity and duration of the LTM?

Answer 15

coding- semantically
capacity- potentially limitless
duration- depending on life span

Question 16

evaluate capacity of the LTM?

Answer 16

WEAKNESS
-wagner diary of 400 events over 6 years and tested himself, to recall events not dates
-good recall
-suggests LTM is unlimited
-however case study cannot be generalised
-bias as he tested himself
IDIOGRAPHIC

Question 17

evaluate artificial stimuli in research on coding?

Answer 17

• WEAKNESS
• lists have no real life context
• findings cannot be generalised to all memory tasks
• when processing meaningful info, the brain may use to another type of coding

Question 18

evaluate a lack of temporal validity in research on capacity

Answer 18

WEAKNESS

• digit span was done a long time ago
• may be lacking controlled conditions
• eg. distracted whilst being tested = don’t perform well

Question 19

what is the name of research done in the STM for capacity?

Answer 19

• digit span

- span of memory and chunking

Question 20

evaluate how chunking may be inaccurate for research on capacity?

Answer 20

WEAKNESS

• may have overestimated the capacity of the STM
• recent test done showed capacity in STM was 4 chunks
• may be inaccurate

Question 21

evaluate external variables for research on duration for LTM?

Answer 21

STRENGTH

• real life meaningful memories were studied by Bahrik
• however confounding variables not controlled eg. could have looked at year book since graduation
• when studies have been conducted with meaningless pictures recall was lower