Factors affecting EWT:Misleading information

Question 1

what are the three factors that could affect reliability of EWT

Answer 1

• misleading information
• anxiety
• cognitive interview

Question 2

what is meant by leading questions

Answer 2

a question which be sure of the way it is phrased suggests a certain answer

Question 3

what is eye witness testimony

Answer 3

the ability of people to remember details of events which they observed

Question 4

what is meant by misleading information

Answer 4

incorrect information given to the eyewitness usually after the event

Question 5

what are examples of misleading information

Answer 5

• leading questions

- post event discussions between co witnessed and/or other people

Question 6

who studied effect of language on EWT

Answer 6

Loftus and Palmer

Question 7

what was Loftus and Palmers aim

Answer 7

to investigate the effect of language on memory and reliability of EWT

Question 8

what was the procedure of Loftus and Palmers study

Answer 8

• 45 students were shown 7 films of different traffic accidents
• after each film they were given questions asking them to describe the accident
• there was a critical question

Question 9

what was the critical question in loftus and palmers study

Answer 9

‘how fast were the cars going when they X each other’

Question 10

what were the results of loftus and palmers study

Answer 10

smashed=40.8mph
collided=39.3mph
hit=34mph
contacted=31.8mph

Question 11

what was the conclusion of loftus and palmers study

Answer 11

leading questions biased the eyewitness recall of an event

Question 12

what happened in loftus and palmers study when they were asked ‘was there any broken glass’

Answer 12

those who were given a stronger verb were more likely to say yes

Question 13

evaluate loftus and palmers study(strength)

Answer 13

real life application

-police interviews

Question 14

evaluate loftus and palmers study(weakness)

Answer 14

• artificial test-ecological validity

- response bias-individual differences

Question 15

evaluate loftus and palmers study in light of generalisability

Answer 15

• students can’t drive therefore less confident in ability to estimate speeds
• may be more influenced by verb or

Question 16

evaluate loftus and palmers study in light of ethics

Answer 16

students experienced a higher level of anxiety because of the video

Question 17

evaluate loftus and palmers study in light of validity

Answer 17

lacks ecological validity and low mundane realism- not same emotional effects

Question 18

evaluate loftus and palmers study in light of reliability

Answer 18

can be replaced and standardised as it was in a lab

Question 19

what is response bias

Answer 19

suggests that the wording has no real effect on the ppts memories but just influences how they decide to answer

Question 20

what is substitution explanation

Answer 20

• the wording of the leading question changed the ppts memory
• e.g ppts hearing the word smashed were more likely to report broken glass than those who heard hit

Question 21

what is a post event discussion

Answer 21

witnesses may discuss what they have seen which may influence the accuracy of each witnesses recall

Question 27

who studied post event discussion

Answer 27

Gabbert et al

Question 29

what is the aim of gabbert et als study

Answer 29

study the affects of post event discussion on recall/memories of an event

Question 30

what were the findings of Gabberts study

Answer 30

-71% of ppts who discussed an event before recall mistakenly recalled information

Question 31

what is conformity effect

Answer 31

where witnesses go along with eachother to gain approval or because they believe other people are right so they must be wrong

Question 32

what was the procedure of Gabberts study

Answer 32

• ppts were put into pairs and both watched the video of the same crime but filmed from different perspective
• they discussed what they had seen before individually taking a test of recall