Factors

Question 1

By which factors place character is shaped

Answer 1

endogenous and exogenous

Question 2

Endogenous factors are

Answer 2

Those which originate from within the place and local

Question 3

What endogenous factors include

Answer 3

Land use, topography, physical geography, infrastructure, built environment, location, economic characteristics, demographic characteristics

Question 4

What land use and topography factors are?

Answer 4

Land use - is the area urban or rural?
Topography - the relief and lie of the land

Question 5

What physical geography and infrastructure are?

Answer 5

physical geography - are there natural physical features such as waterfalls or estuaries?
Infrastructure - built services that enhance or are essential to living conditions

Question 6

What demographic characteristics and built environment are?

Answer 6

Demographic characteristics - age, gender, number, ethnicity of population
Built environment of the area - the architecture of the area. Contemporary, aging, historical

Question 7

What location and economic charachteristics are?

Answer 7

Location - elevation, distance to the coast
Economic characteristics - in debt, growth market, aging industry, economic sectors

Question 8

Exogenous factors are

Answer 8

Those which originate from outside a place and provide linkages and relationships with and to other places .

Question 9

Exogenous factors are often divided into which 4 flows

Answer 9

Flows of people, flows of money and investment, flows of resources, flows of ideas

Question 10

What are flows of people?

Answer 10

Impact of tourists, workers, migrants, refugees, visitors, and changing quantities of people on an area over time

Question 11

What is an example of impact of flows of people on the character of a place (Germany)?

Answer 11

Germany has around 1.4 million asylum seekers, who integrate into their society, though also creating political and social disputes, altering the character of a place

Question 12

What are flows of money in investment?

Answer 12

Trade deals, tax, major events (e.g. sport competition),new businesses or movement of businesses from an area

Question 13

What is an example of flows of money and investment (Barcelona)?

Answer 13

During Olympic Games (1992) investment in the projects totaled in USD1.635 billion, having a later on direct economic impact of over 7 billion EUR. Olympic Games were a key to reassert Catalan pride and change the character of a place of a run-down, weary, ageing port city.

Question 14

What are flows of resources?

Answer 14

Availability of raw materials, products, food, water and energy

Question 15

What is an example of flows of resources? (UK)

Answer 15

UK has good transportation networks, the UK is food secure. If the crops fail one year more food can be imported from other countries to make up for the deficit, in less developed countries it is less possible.

Question 16

What are the flows of ideas?

Answer 16

Entrepreneurs may move to an area bringing new businesses with them. Ideas could be information about an area from another country.

Question 17

What are the examples of flows of ideas? (US)

Answer 17

Detroit has been impacted by the ideas of urban planners which have helped develop the city, after the 1970s and 2008s city’s decline , which resulted back then in 58% of population decline. This lead to positive reviews by Lonely Planet , this has driven the tourist industry of Detroit, impacting its character, of the city in ‘depression’

Question 18

What is a concept of interactions of exogenous and endogenous factors?

Answer 18

Over time, endogenous factors will be shaped by the changing flows of exogenous factors

Question 19

What is an example of a character of a place that is heavily relying on the endogenous factors?

Answer 19

Masouleh village, Iran
The village is 1050 meters above the sea level in the Elbruz mountain range, within itself has a difference in elevation of 100 meters. This lead to the development of a unique built environment, where houses are built on top of each other, in such a way that a roof of one house is a road for the street above it, and buildings are built into the mountain.