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Professional Education > Facilitating Learning and Child & Adolescent Development > Flashcards

Facilitating Learning and Child & Adolescent Development Flashcards

1
Q

What is growth?

A
  • Physical changes, increase in size, and is quantitatively measured
  • It is rapid during prenatal, neonatal, infancy and adolescence but slows down in childhood and adulthood
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2
Q

What is development?

A

Qualitatively measured and refers to the complexity of functions and skills

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3
Q

What is maturation?

A

Change that is independent from the environment and is genetically programmed

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4
Q

What is play?

A

It is important for children to exercise their skills and contribute to their general personality development

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5
Q

In the development trends, what is phylogenetic?

A

Predictable and TRUE to all members

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6
Q

Under phylogenetic development, differentiate cephalocaudal, proximodistal, and bilateral.

A
  • Cephalocaudal: head to foot
  • Proximodistal: central to extremities
  • Bilateral: dev’t occurs simultaneously in both sides of body
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7
Q

In the development trends, what is ontogenetic?

A

Rate of dev’t varies and is unique to ALL

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8
Q

What is nature vs. nurture?

A
  • Nature is hereditary and temperament

* Nurture is the living environment, living experiences, family,

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9
Q

In the categories of play, what is solitary?

A

Playing alone

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10
Q

In the categories of play, what is parallel play?

A

Playing side by side

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11
Q

In the categories of play, what is associate play?

A

Children play the same game but not playing together

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12
Q

In the categories of play, what is cooperative play?

A

Working and playing together

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13
Q

What is the psychoanalytic theory of Sigmund Freud?

A

All human beings pass through psychosexual stages and has its own conflicts and development of sensitivity of a particular erogenous spot

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14
Q

In the psychoanalytic theory, elaborate the oral stage.

A

Birth to 1 year (mouth)
Sucking, spitting, chewing and biting
If frustrated, they might form an eating disorder or smoking

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15
Q

In the psychoanalytic theory, elaborate the Anal stage.

A

1-3 years old
Voluntary defecation so toilet training happens
If frustrated, can lead to fixation of development

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16
Q

In the psychoanalytic theory, elaborate the phallic stage.

A

3-6 years old
Derive pleasure from acts associated to stroking/manipulating sex organs
Boys develop oedipus complex and girls develop electra complex.

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17
Q

In the psychoanalytic theory, elaborate the latency stage.

A

12 onwards
Child sex instincts calm and continue to puberty
Focus more on school work and play
Many disturbing and conflicting feelings are buried in the mind

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18
Q

In the psychoanalytic theory, elaborate the geintal stage.

A

12 onwards
Longest and lasts longer up until old age
Aim is for reproduction and the complexes are back but for the opposite sex
If not fixation from other stages, they’ll live a satisfying life

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19
Q

What is the psychosocial theory?

A

By Erik Erikson

People have 8 stages, each with conflicts/crisis that must be resolved

20
Q

Explain trust vs. mistrust

A

Infancy (0-1)
Hope
Interdependence and relatedness

21
Q

Explain autonomy vs, shame

A 
Early childhood (1-3)
Will
Acceptance to cycle of life; integration to disintegration
22
Q

Explain initiative vs. guilt

A

Play age (3-6)
Purpose
Humor, empathy, and resilience

23
Q

Explain industry vs. inferiority

A

School age (6-13)
Competence
Humility, acceptance of life and unfulfilled hopes

24
Q

Explain identity vs. confusion

A

Adolescence (12-19)
Fidelity
Sense of complexity; merging of sensory, and logical and aesthetic perception

25
Q

Explain intimacy vs. isolation

A

Early adulthood (20-25)
Love
Sense of complexity in relationships; value of tenderness

26
Q

Explain generativity vs. stagnation

A

Adulthood (26-64)
Care
Caritas, caring, empathy, and concern

27
Q

Explain integrity vs. despair

A 
Old age (65-death)
Wisdom
Existential identity
28
Q

What is the Cognitive Development Theory?

A

Jean Piaget
Children are neither driven by undesirable instincts nor environment; they are constructivists who are curious and responds to the environment

29
Q

Under the CDT, what is the sensorimotor?

A

Birth - 2 years
Infants use sensory and motor capabilities to explore and gain understanding
At the end, they are capable of complex sensorimotor coordination

30
Q

What is object permanence?

A

Object still exists even when they are out of sight.

31
Q

Under the CDT, what is the Preoperational?

A

2-7 years old
Uses symbolism to represent and understand aspects of environment
Thoughts are egocentric (think that everyone sees the world the same way as they do)

32
Q

Under the CDT, what is the concrete operational?

A

(7-11)
*No longer fooled by appearances and understands the basic properties and relations among object
*Can solve concrete (hands-on) problems
Understands the law of conservation and can classify and seriate

33
Q

Under the CDT, what is the formal operations?

A

(11 and beyond)
Solves abstracts problems
More scientific thinking and logical thinking
Can be systematic and deductive reasoning

34
Q

In Piaget’s basic components of cognitive theory, what is schema?

A

Building blocks of knowledge; units of knowledge

35
Q

In Piaget’s basic components of cognitive theory, what is the adaptation process of assimilation?

A

Assimilation is using existing schema to make sense of events in the world with new objects or situations

36
Q

In Piaget’s basic components of cognitive theory, what is the adaptation process of equilibrium?

A

Equilibrium is where existing schema can explain what it can perceived around it.

37
Q

In Piaget’s basic components of cognitive theory, what is the adaptation process of disequilibrium?

A

Disequilibrium is “out-of-balance” or when a person realizes that current ways of thinking is not working to understand/solve a situation

38
Q

In Piaget’s basic components of cognitive theory, what is the adaptation process of accomodation?

A

Must change existing schema to respond to new situations; altering existing or creating new ones in response to new information

39
Q

What is the socio-historic?

A

Proponent is Lev Vygotsky.
Stresses the importance of social environment to child’s development.
*Social interaction and shared experiences help in developing children’s complex thinking

40
Q

What is the ZPD?

A

Zero proximal development

It is where a child finds too difficult to do a task and needs to complete it with the assistance of an adult.

41
Q

What is the learning theory?

A

AKA behaviorism by John Watson

  • Promotes the tabula rasa
  • Development is a continuous process by gradual acquisition and sophisticated pattern
  • Some human reflexes are inborn, and traits and personalities are learned
42
Q

What is the moral development theory?

A

By Lawrence Kolhberg

*Added moral dilemmas to Piaget’s theory

43
Q

Under the moral development theory, what is the preconventional morality?

A

(0-9)

Young children do not understand the conventions/rules of society

44
Q

Under the preconventional morality, what is the punishment-obedience orientation?

A

Physical consequences determines goodness/badness and can be avoided if they stayed out of trouble
*Those in authority should be obeyed

45
Q

Under the preconventional morality, what is the instrumental relativist orientation?

A

(pre-school to school age)
Action is judged if it’s instrumental/satisfying to one’s needs
*Obeying should have something in return

Professional Education (6 decks)

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