Facial Space Infections Flashcards
Superficial cervical fascia
Located between dermis and deep cervical fascia
Surround platysma and superficial vessels and nerves
Fascial spaces
Encloses potencial Spaces into which infections of dental origin can spread
Infection will always follow the path of least resistance
Cardinal signs of infection
Pain = dolor
Swelling = tumor
Heat = calor
Redness-= rubor
Loss of function = function laesa
Vital sign of infection
Temperature > 100 F
Blood presure > 120/80
Pulse >100
Respiratory rate >16
Lymphadenopathy
Primary space
Canine
Buccal
Submandibular
Submental los 3 perimandibular
Sublingual
Vestibular
Secondary spaces
That space has to infect another space to spread the infection
Submasseteric
Pterygandibular 3 masticar or space
Superficial/deep temporal
Parapharyngeal
Retropharygeal 4 deep spaces of the neck
Danger
Prevertebral
Periorbital
Vestibular space
Between cortical bone and mucoperiodteum
Most common site for spread dental infection break out alveolar bone
Path of least resistance—>
thickness bone
Site of infection
Relationship of bone perforation to muscles attachment
Canine infraorbital space
Lies between levator ánguli oris levator labii superioris ( muscles superficial) to canine fossa of maxilla
Infection—> swelling of vestibule
Upper lip
Lower eye lid
Dental source maxillary canines incisors
Periorbital space ( secondary space )
Between orbicularis oris
Orbital septum
Infection—> redness
Swelling of eyelid
May obstruct vision
Path least resistance—> canine space
Buccal space (primary space)
Between—> buccinator
Skin
Location of the Buccal pad
Infection —> marked cheek swelling
Usual dental source —> premolars or molars
Sublingual Space ( secondary space)
Located —> under the tongue above mylohyoid muscle, sublingual gland
Infection —> swelling floor of the mouth
Dental source —> md incisor
Canine
Premolar
First molar
Roots are above attachment mylohyoid bone and mylohyoid line
Submandibular space (secondary )
Infection —> swelling submandibular triangle
Dental source —> md second and third molar
Roots are below attachment of mylohyoid muscle to the myhyoid line
Submental space
Infection —> swelling below chin between ant bellies of digastric
Dental source md incisor longer root
Ludwig’s angina celulitis
Swelling all 3 perimandibular spaces
Elevates the floor of the mouth
Displaced the tongue upwards backwards
Blocks oropharynxs
Compromise airway
Indurated a hard massive bilateral swelling of the chin
Can spread to mediastium via fascial space
Superficial and deep temporal
Infection —> lateral hourglass
Facial swelling
Dental source —> maxillary 2nd 3third molar
Submassetetic masseteric space
Location—> Between masseter and ramus
Infection—> trismus ( frecuencia )
Dental source—> impacted 3third molar
Pterygomandibular space
Between —> medial pterygoid md trismus
Contains —> sphenomandibular ligaments
Inferior alveolar nerve vessels
Lingual nerve
Chorda tympani
Dental source —> Md third molar contaminated or needle contaminated
HIGH RISk —> proximity lateral pharyngeal space
Pterygomandibular space
Between —> medial pterygoid md trismus
Contains —> sphenomandibular ligaments
Inferior alveolar nerve vessels
Lingual nerve
Chorda tympani
Dental source —> Md third molar contaminated or needle contaminated
HIGH RISk —> proximity lateral pharyngeal space
Parapharyngeal lateral pharyngeal space
Between—> masticator space ant
Retropharyngeal space post
Dental source—> Md third molar
Infection —> swelling tonsil
Lateral pharyngeal wall
Very painful swallowing
VERY HIGH RISK proximity and continuity with retropharyngeal space
Retropharyngeal space
Between —> buccopharyngeal fascia
Alar fascia
Spans base of skull to mediastinum
VERY HIGH RISK highway of infection spread from the head
Danger space
Between—> alar fascia, prevertebral fascia
Spans—> base of the skull to post mediastinum and diaphragm
EXTREMELY HIGH RISK highway of infection spread
Parotid space
Infection—> medial bulge lateral pharyngeal wall, pain and trismus
Not involved dental infections
Caused parotitis, sialothiasis, sjorgren’s syndrome
Treatment in parotid space
Extraction or pulpectomy ( odontogenic origin)
Incision and drainage —> decrease bacterial load increase blood flow to site ( large swelling)
Antibiotic coverage (diffuse swelling, fascial spaces are involved if there’s systemic manifestations fever, tachycardia lymphadenopathy
Fascia
Thin casing of connective tissue beneath the skin sorround and holds every organ, nerve and muscle in place
Superficial-> loose conective tissue under the dermis
Deep -> dense conective tissue that sorrounds
Visceral -> suspends organs within their cavities
