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SF2 > Face, Development, and Pharyngeal Arches > Flashcards

Face, Development, and Pharyngeal Arches Flashcards

1
Q

What cell type are the cartilage elements of pharyngeal arches 1,2, and 3 made of?

A

Neural crest cells of the mid and hind brain

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2
Q

What cell type are the cartilage elements of pharyngeal arches 4 and 6 made of?

A

Lateral plate mesoderm

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3
Q

All bones that are derived from pharyngeal cartilages are formed by___________.

A

Endochondral formation

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4
Q

What are the names of the cartilages that are derived from the 1st pharyngeal arche?

A

-meckel’s cartilage

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5
Q

What cartillage arises from the mandibular swelling?

A

Meckel’s cartilage

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6
Q

What is the name of the cartilage of the second arche?

A

Reichert’s cartilage

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7
Q

The laryngeal cartilages are derived from which pharyngeal arch(es)?

A

Arches 4 and 6

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8
Q

The laryngeal cartilages consists of which 5 cartilages?

A
  • *-thyroid cartilage
  • cricoid cartilage**
  • arytenoid cartilage
  • corniculate cartilage
  • cuneiform cartilage
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9
Q

What cell type are the laryngeal cartilages of arches 4 and 6 derived from?

A

Lateral plate mesoderm

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10
Q

What bones arise from the first pharyngeal arche?

A
  • incus
  • malleus
  • Alisphenoid
  • premaxilla
  • maxilla
  • zygomatic bone
  • Squamous part of temporal bone
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11
Q

Which bones are derived from meckel’s cartilage?

A

Incus and malleus

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12
Q

What bones arise from the second pharyngeal arche?

A
  • stapes
  • lesser horn of the hyoid bone
  • upper portion of the body of the hyoid bone
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13
Q

What bones arise from the 3rd pharyngeal arche?

A
  • lower portion of body of the hyoid bone
  • greater horn of the hyoid bone
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14
Q

What bones arise from the 4 and 6th pharyngeal arche?

A

None
TRICK QUESTION

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15
Q

What are the rest of the facial bones formed from and how are they formed?

A
  • neural crest cells
  • intramembranous ossification
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16
Q

The anterior ligament of the malleus and the sphenomandibular ligament are derived from which arche?

A

Arch 1

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17
Q

The stylohyoid ligament is derived from which arche?

A

Arch 2

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18
Q

What nerve innervates the 1st pharyngeal arche?

A

CNV- Trigeminal N. (maxillary and mandibular division)

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19
Q

What nerve innervates the 2nd pharyngeal arche?

A

CNVII-facial N.

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20
Q

What nerve innervates the 3rd pharyngeal arche?

A

CNIX- Glossopharyngeal nerve

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21
Q

What nerve innervates the 4th and 6th pharyngeal arche?

A

CNX-Vagus N/ CN XI-Accessory n.

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22
Q

What tissue are the muscles of the pharyngeal arches mainly derived from?

A

Paraxial mesoderm derived from cranial somitomere and occipital somites

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23
Q

What muscles are derived from the first pharyngeal arche?

A
  • Muscles of mastication
  • mylohyoid mm.
  • anterior belly of the digastric mm.
  • tensor tympani mm.
  • tensor veil palatini mm.
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24
Q

The muscles that are derived from the 1st pharyngeal arche come from which cranial somitomere?

A

4th cranial somitomere

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25
Q

What muscles are derived from the 2nd pharyngeal arche?

A
  • muscles of facial expression
  • posterior belly of the digastric mm.
  • stylohyoid mm.
  • stapedius mm.
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26
Q

The muscles that are derived from the 2nd pharyngeal arche come from which cranial somitomere?

A

6th cranial sometomere

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27
Q

What muscles are derived from the 3rd pharyngeal arche?

A

-stylopharyngeus mm.

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28
Q

The muscles that are derived from the 3rd pharyngeal arche come from which cranial somitomere?

A

7th somitomere

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29
Q

What muscles are derived from the 4th pharyngeal arche?

A
  • cricothyroid mm
  • Cricopharyngeus m.
30
Q

The muscles that are derived from the 4th pharyngeal arche come from which occipital somites?

A

Occipital somites 2-4

31
Q

What muscles are derived from the 6th pharyngeal arche?

A
  • Laryngeal muscles (except cricothyroid- 4 arch)
  • Skeletal muscles of esophagus
32
Q

What tissue covers the exterior of the pharyngeal arches?

A

Ectodermal epithelium

33
Q

What tissue is found within the pharyngeal arches?

A

Mesenchymal tissue

34
Q

What tissue is found on the interior surface of the pharyngeal arches?

A

Endodermal epithelium

35
Q

How many clefts are there in the embryo at week 5?

A

4 clefts

36
Q

What happens to the first cleft during development?

A

-it moves towards the first pharyngeal pouch and becomes the external auditory meatus

37
Q

What happens to the last three clefts during development?

A
  • the 2nd cleft grows and then overlaps the 3rd and 4th cleft
  • they form a cavity lined with ectodermal epithelium
  • it holds the cervical sinus
38
Q

How many pouches are seen in an embryo?

A

5 pouches

39
Q

What happens to the 1st pouch during development?

A

-it joins the first cleft to form the external auditory meatus

40
Q

What happens to the 2nd pouch during development?

A
  • becomes obliterated
  • what’s left of its epithelial lining will form buds with the surrounding mesenchyme
  • these will become the palatine tonsils
41
Q

What happens to the 3rd pouch during development?

A
  • it will become the parathyroid glands and the thymus
42
Q

What happens to the 4th pouch during development?

A

What happens to the 4th pouch during development?

43
Q

What happens to the 5th pouch during development?

A

It will become the ultimobranchial body

44
Q

T/F: There can be cervical cysts and fistulas formation within the 2nd, 3rd and 4th clefts as development progresses

A

True

45
Q

What are the steps of the development of the thyroid gland?

A

-develops as an epithelial proliferation in the floor of the pharyngeal gut between the tuberculin impar and the copula(foramen cecum)
-this then forms a downgrowth known as the thyroid diverticula
-As the thyroid migrates it descends to different levels:
. Anterior to hyoid bone
. Anterior to trachea

46
Q

How does the thyroid gland descend to its final position?

A

-descends through the thyroglossal canal

47
Q

What tissue is the thyroid gland made from?

A

Endodermal lining of the pharynx

48
Q

T/F: A cyst can develope within the thyroglossal duct that the thyroid gland used to descend to its normal position

A

True

49
Q

How is the anterior 2/3rd of the tongue formed?

A

-proliferation of mesoderm forms a tuberculin impar and lateral lingual swelling which forms the anterior 2/3rd of the tongue

50
Q

How is the root of the tongue formed?

A

-caudally, the copula from the 2nd arche and hypobranchial eminance from the 3rd and 4th arche form the root of the tongue

51
Q

How is the epiglottis formed?

A

-formed from the 4th and 6th arches

52
Q

Which nerve provides general sensory to the anterior 2/3rd of the tongue?

A

CNV3-Mandibular N.

53
Q

Which nerve innervates the taste buds on the anterior 2/3rd of the tongue?

A

CNVII- Facial N. (chorda tympani)

54
Q

Which nerve innervates the root of the tongue?

A

CNIX (glossopharyngeal)

55
Q

Which nerve innervates the anterior of the epiglottis?

A

CNX- Vagus N.

56
Q

Chart of branchial arch and what they derive

A
57
Q

Branchial arche and its structures

A
58
Q

Picture of muscles of branchial arches

A
59
Q

Branchial arch and its structures

A
60
Q

Fate of clefts and pouches

A
61
Q

Mesenchyme for formation of head region is derived from

A

Paraxial mesoderm (somites/somitomeres), lateral plate mesoderm, neural crest, placodes

62
Q

Muscles of mastication

A

Temporalis, masseter, and pterygoids

63
Q

Mandibulofacial dysostosis AKA

A

Teacher Collin’s syndrome or FIRST ARCH SYNDROME

64
Q

Mandibulofacial dysostosis

A

Autosomal dominant w/ variable penetrance - caused by lack of migration of neural crest into pharyngeal arch 1; produces various facial anomalies (deafness due to malformation of ossicles); normal intelligence but may be mistaken due to deafness

65
Q

Muscles of hyoid arch

A

Stapedius, stylohyoid, posterior belly of digastric, auricular, and muscles of facial expression

66
Q

Adult derivatives of pharyngeal pouch 1

A

Epithelial lining of auditory tube and middle ear cavity; tubotympanic recess (lateral/distal = tympanic/middle ear cavity; medial/proximal = auditory/eustachian tube)

67
Q

Adult derivatives of pharyngeal pouch 2

A

Epithelial lining of palatine tonsils crypts (medial = tonsillar fossa, surface epi of palatine tonsil; lateral = degenerates)

68
Q

Adult derivatives of pharyngeal pouch 3

A

Inferior parathyroid gland and thymus (dorsal = inf. parathyroid; ventral = thymus); things move caudally

69
Q

Adult derivatives of pharyngeal pouch 4

A

Superior parathyroid gland, contribute to parafollicular cells of thyroid (dorsal = parathyroid; ventral = degenrates; ultimobranchial body = C-cells/parafollicular cells); things move caudally

70
Q
A

SF2 (14 decks)

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