Face and Neck Trauma Flashcards
The orbits
Done shaped fossae that enclose and protect the eyes
The orbits
Done shaped fossae that enclose and protect the eyes
The orbits
Done shaped fossae that enclose and protect the eyes
Blowout Fracture
Fracture to orbital floor results in transmission of forces away from the eyeball itself
The nose
One of two primary entry points for oxygen rich air
Paranasal Sinuses
Lined with mucous membranes that decrease weight of skull and provide resonance for voice
Hyoid Bone
Floats in the superior aspect of the neck just below the mandible
Sclera
White of the eyes
Cornea
Transparent covering of the eye
Conjuctiva
Covers sclera and internal surfaces of eye
Iris
Color of eye
Maxilla Fracture
Suspect closed head injury, airway compromise
Anterior Chamber
Filled with aqueous humor a clear watery fluid between lens and the cornea
Posterior chamber
Between iris and lens filled with vitreous humor jellylike substance that maintains shape of eye
Blowout Fracture
Fracture to orbital floor results in transmission of forces away from the eyeball itself
The nose
One of two primary entry points for oxygen rich air
Paranasal Sinuses
Lined with mucous membranes that decrease weight of skull and provide resonance for voice
Hyoid Bone
Floats in the superior aspect of the neck just below the mandible
Sclera
White of the eyes
Cornea
Transparent covering of the eye
Conjuctiva
Covers sclera and internal surfaces of eye
Iris
Color of eye
Maxilla Fracture
Suspect closed head injury, airway compromise
Anterior Chamber
Filled with aqueous humor a clear watery fluid between lens and the cornea
Posterior chamber
Between iris and lens filled with vitreous humor jellylike substance that maintains shape of eye
Ear
External, middle, internal
Pinna
Outside cartilage of ear
Occlusive dressing
Tracheal neck wound
Cochlea
Shell shaped structure in inner ear to vibrate and contains fluid to sense balance
Blowout Fracture
Fracture to orbital floor results in transmission of forces away from the eyeball itself
The nose
One of two primary entry points for oxygen rich air
Paranasal Sinuses
Lined with mucous membranes that decrease weight of skull and provide resonance for voice
Hyoid Bone
Floats in the superior aspect of the neck just below the mandible
Diffuse axonal injury
Stretching of tissue of brain and the brain twists especially at brainstem causing compression and tension of stem when twisting
Cornea
Transparent covering of the eye
Epidural Hematoma
Accumulation of blood between skull and dura mater
Result of blow to the head
Iris
Color of eye
Maxilla Fracture
Suspect closed head injury, airway compromise
Flexion injuries
Neck moving forward in collision
More prevalent cause of injury.
-collars prevent movement down
Posterior chamber
Between iris and lens filled with vitreous humor jellylike substance that maintains shape of eye
Spinal Cord concussion
Temporary contusion lasting 24-48 hours of paralysis
Pinna
Outside cartilage of ear
C 5
Keeps the diaphragm alive
Dermatone for the respiratory tract
Cochlea
Shell shaped structure in inner ear to vibrate and contains fluid to sense balance
LE Fort Fractures
One Two and a Three
One is low on maxilla
Two is pyramid through orbits
Three is across orbits
Dipllopia
Double vision
Hyphema
Bleeding into anterior chamber and often follows blunt trauma
Eurogenic Shock Assesment
Vessels below injury dilate and have terrible blood pressure but red skin and look perfumed
Retinal Detachement
Separation of inner layers of retina from underlying retina
Assess Eyes for
Orbital Rim Eyelids Corneas Conjuctiva Globes Pupils Eye Movements Visual Acuity
Management
Never exert pressure on or manipulate injured globe
If part of globe is exposed: apply moist sterile dressing to prevent drying
Cover eye with metal shield, cup or dressing. Apply soft dressings to both eyes and prompt transport
Sympathetic Eye Movement
Movement of both eyes in unison
Ruptured Eardrum
Perforation of the tympanic membrane can result from blows strong enough that could possible rupture other hollow organs such as lungs
CSF
Can be tested with glucometer
Pinna avulsion
Partially avulsed: realign ear and then bandage with moist dressing
Completely avulsed: retrieve avulsed part, saline moistened gauze and place in plastic bag then put bag on ice
Bulky dressing
Laceration to neck
Sprain
Stretch of muscle
Strain
Tear of muscle
Esophageal Perfoartion
Can result in mediastinitis, an inflammation of the mediastinum due to leakage of gastric contents into thoracic cavity
Bulky dressing
Laceration to neck
Sprain
Stretch of muscle
Strain
Tear of muscle
Esophageal Perfoartion
Can result in mediastinitis, an inflammation of the mediastinum due to leakage of gastric contents into thoracic cavity
Partial pressure of brain with head injuries
Hyperventilate shifts oxygen disassociation curve yielding less oxygen to tissue and more to the fluid causing decrease in ICP. Oxygen causes vasoconstriction which decreases fluid in the head
Diffuse shearing
Tearing of the brain
Epidural Hematoma
Accumulation of blood between skull and dura mater
Subdural Hematoma
Under occipital
Avulsion
Devolving of tissue
Flexion injuries
Neck moving forward in collision
Extension
Whiplash injuries going backwards
Cord Laceration
Bone or projectile enters spinal cord. Once transacted it is gone forever
Anterior Cord syndrome
Loss of movement of extremities
Posterior cord syndrome
Loss of sensation of extremities
Cauda Equina Syndrme
Located at base of spine (tail bone) where the Nerves began to separate into smaller nerves
Brown Sequard Syndrome
Partial direction of cord. Loss of sensation of one half and loss of movement of one side of the body
Trauma in water
Board patient in water.
Board is buoyant on water
