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POC 27 Module 6 > Environmental Emergencies > Flashcards

Environmental Emergencies Flashcards

1
Q

Body Temp

A

Tries to maintain at 98.6F

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2
Q

CBT core body temperature

A

Temperature in body consisting of heart, lungs, brain and abdominal viscera

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3
Q

Hypothermia starting

A

95F

Heat Stroke 104F

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4
Q

Hypothalmus

A

Master thermostat in the brain

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5
Q

Thermoregulation

A

Controlled by hypothalmus

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6
Q

BMR

A

Basal Metabolic Rate
Energy produced at rest from normal body metabolic reactions
-Normal is 70Kilocalories per hour

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7
Q

Evaporation

A

Sweat from skin

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8
Q

Convection

A

Air or liquids

-wind chill

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9
Q

Conduction

A

Direct physical contact

-falls into cold lake

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10
Q

Radiation

A

By radiating heat to cold environement via body or ex of ac / heater
-lots lost from the head

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11
Q

Thermolysis

A

Release of stored heat from the body. 4 types

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12
Q

Thermogenesis

A

Production of heat and energy from the body is main method of dealing with cold stressors

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13
Q

Heat Illness

A

Increase in CBT due to inadequate thermolysis

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14
Q

Risk Factors from Medications

A

Diuretics cause dehydration

Beta blockers limits ability to compensate with heart rate for compensation

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15
Q

Heat Cramps

A

Acute involuntary muscle spasms

  • occur from profuse wearing and sodium loss
  • affect those in good physical condition
  • increases serum level of potassium with loss of sodium and develops muscle irritabiliy
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16
Q

Heat Cramp Assessment

A 
Hypotension
Nausea
Rapid pulse
Pale and moist skin
Normal temperature normally
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17
Q

Management

A

Move to cool environement
Fluid replenishment
1oz Gateroade to 4oz of water 1:4 ratio

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18
Q

Heat Syncope

A

Orthostatic syncopal episode from prolonged standing or sitting and suddenly standing and cannot compensate with a sudden sympathetic response

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19
Q

Heat Exhaustion

A

Mild form of heat illness of volume depletion and heat stress
Two types: water depleted and salt depleted

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20
Q

Exercise associated hyponatremia

A

Prolonged exertion with excessive fluid intake

Too much water in body in relation to sodium

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21
Q

Assessment

A 
Headache
Dizziness
Weakness
Nausea
Vomiting
Cramping
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22
Q

Management

A

Passive Cooling
Fluids
Supine with legs elevated
Oral hydration

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23
Q

Heat Stroke

A

CBT>104F and AMS

PROTEIN CELLS IN BRAIN start tow twist and break down too fast

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24
Q

Classic Heatstroke

A

Very old and young people and come in waves of heat

-Dry red hot skin, no longer sweating, vasodialated

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25
Q

Exertion also Heat stroke

A

Exercising in hot climates
If humidity rises above 75% evaporative cooling is ineffective
-Pale and sweating

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26
Q

Cold Wet Packs

A

Shunts vasculature and brings chemicals to the core causing dysrhythmia and seizures

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27
Q

Cold Injury

A

Localized to injuries

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28
Q

Frost Bite

A

Ischemic injury as superficial or deep depending

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29
Q

Frostnip

A

Mild form of frost bite, feels like a burn, numbness

30
Q

Superficial Frostbite

A

Altered sensation, numbness, tingling, or burning

-white, waxy and swollen

31
Q

Deep Frostbite

A

Hands or feet
White, yellow white, black
Causes severe tissue damage and infection

32
Q

Gangrene

A

Permnanent cell death set in within few days

33
Q

Management

A

Can keep extremity cold and try and not to reward

  • get patient out of cold
  • remove wet clothing
  • do not rub or message area
  • cover with dry sterile dressing
  • pain management
  • consider rewarding if potential to referees does not exist
34
Q

Trench Foot

A

Prolonged exposure to wet and cold environments

  • wet feet lose heat 25 times faster than dry heat
  • keep feet dry and warm
35
Q

Hypothermia

A

CBT <95F

  • increased thermolysis
  • decreased thermogenesis
36
Q

Mild Hypothermia

A 
>93.2F
Passive rewarming
-dry
-remove wet clothing
-blankets
37
Q

Alcohol most common for hypothermia

A

Dialate vessels feeling warm when constriction is suppose to keep warm causing heat loss

38
Q

Moderate Hypothermia

A 
86-93.2 F 
Start to see Osborn waves and cardiac changes
External rewarming
-heat blankets
-warm air
39
Q

Severe Hypothermia

A 
<86F
Internal Rewarming
-warm fluids
-humid oxygen
-warm enema
-esophageal rewarming tubes
40
Q

Cardiac

A

Increase in blood viscosity initially speeds up heart

41
Q

Hypothermia in C

A

Mild 34-36
Moderate 30-34
Severe <30

42
Q

Drowning

A

Process of experiencing respiratory inmpairment from submersion or immersion
in liquid

43
Q

Drowning continum

A

Breath Holding
Laryngospasm
Accumulation of CO2
Inability to oxygenate lungs

44
Q

Daltons Law

A

Pressure exerted by mixtures of different gases

-same partial pressure

45
Q

Henry’s lAw

A

Amount of gas in liquid is same as above liquid

46
Q

Freshwater

A

Bacteria and illness from water

47
Q

Saltwater

A

Salt causes fluid shift in lungs

48
Q

Water

A

Volume decreases farther go down due to increase in pressure

49
Q

Braotrauma

A

SQUEEZE
Ascending too quickly to the surface and the lung tissue stretches too much due to decrease of pressure in water compared
-causes pneumo called “pops” which is known as bust lung

50
Q

Diving Injuries

A

When gas pressure increases, ability to dissolve in Solution increases as well

  • volume decreases pressure increases
  • every 30 feet the atmospheric pressure increase by 1
  • on land force on body is 1 ATPressure
51
Q

Decompression Sickness

A

Bubbles in vascular space happens from submersion and shift of gas from cells to vascular space

52
Q

Decompression Sickness

A

Bubbles in vascular space happens from submersion and shift of gas from cells to vascular space
-can cause PE which. Must be treated with hypobaric chamber

53
Q

Nitrogen Narcosis

A

Excessive amount of nitrogen buildup and starts to experiencing altered mental status

54
Q

Hypobaric Chamber

A

Puts body under certain pressure to disassociate the air back into the cells

55
Q

Altitude Illness

A

Less pressure in the air
Usually heights above 8000ft and descends
-gas dissolving diminishes as pressure diminshes
-gas to be transferred in too RBC’s diminishes

56
Q

Acute Mountain Illness

A

Headache plus fatigues, weakness, nausea, vomiting

57
Q

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema

A

Dyspnea, cough, weakness, chest tightness, wheezing, rales, tachypnea

58
Q

High Altitude Cerebral Edema

A

Ams, increased ICP

59
Q

Treatment of Altitude

A

Oxygen 100% and bring down altitude

60
Q

Lightning

A

Common before and after storm

61
Q

Lichtenburg Figure

A

Strands of lightning burned into skin

62
Q

Crotalids

A

Pit vipers, with heat seeking pits

Hemotoxin

63
Q

Elapids

A

Round pupils

Neurotoxin

64
Q

Neurotoxic

A

Ams, weakness, nausea

65
Q

Meotoxic

A

Clots everything up until it gets rid of all clotting factors and then causes freebleeding

66
Q

Manage of Venom

A

Crofab is antivenom for hemotoxin bites

67
Q

Brown Recluse

A

Prefer humid controlled dark places and dry

68
Q

Brown Recluse

A

Prefer humid controlled dark places and dry

More over time and causes necrotic tissue with internal effects

69
Q

Black Widow

A

Dark Moist and warm environments

Sudden onset, widespread pain

70
Q

Stingray Treatment

A

Hot fresh or salt water

71
Q

Jell Fish

A

Salt water because if it is hypotonic then the vehicle lodged will be squeezed released more toxin

POC 27 Module 6 (19 decks)

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