Bleeding

Question 1

Blood

Answer 1

RBC make up 45%

WBC and platelets <1%

Question 2

Plasma

Answer 2

Watery straw colored fluid that is more than half of all blood

Question 3

Oxyhemoglobin Diassociation Curve

Answer 3

Determined by how readily hemoglobin acquires and releases oxygen molecules from surrounding tissue
(Pressure high in lungs, low in tissue)

Question 4

Clotting proteins

Answer 4

Produced by the liver solidified rest of a blood clot

Question 5

Perfusion

Answer 5

Circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts o meet cells needs

Question 6

Vital Organs and kidneys

Answer 6

Will experience permanent damage after 45 minutes of inadequate perfusion

Question 7

Skeletal muscles

Answer 7

More than 2 hours inadequate perfusion causes permanent damage

Question 8

GI Tract

Answer 8

Can go many hours without blood

Question 9

“Warm ischemic time”

Answer 9

Normal temp of a tissue or organ. Being cold can resist hypoperfusion because of the slowing of the body’s metabolism

Question 10

Arteries

Answer 10

Spurt initially but begin to flow after pressure drops

Cut transverse will retract and stop own bleeding. Vertically will often continue to bleed

Question 11

Caterizing injuries

Answer 11

Train runs over legs, may be little bleeding due to heat of train carterizing wounds

Question 12

Blood Loss <20%

Answer 12

Vitals will change and body can’t tolerate

Question 13

Femur Fractures

Answer 13

Hold up to 1L blood in femur

Question 14

Consider Bleeding If:

Answer 14

Significant MOI
Poor general appearance
Hypoperfusion
Blood loss
Hemorrhage

Question 15

Internal Clotting on Own

Answer 15

Bleeding tends to stop within 10 minutes on its own due to internal clotting factors

Question 16

Open Vessel

Answer 16

Vessel is lacerated, blood flows rapidly from vessel
Open ends of vessel begin to constrict
Platelets agrregate at the site, plugging hole and sealing injured portions of vessel called hemostasis
Direct pressure of injury or environment triggers clotting factors

Question 17

Medications Interfere

Answer 17

Aspirin, and beta blockers inhibit clotting and decrease vasoconstriction

Question 18

Shock

Answer 18

All cases result in inadequate perfusion

Hemmorage Shock is most common

Question 19

Hemorrhagic Shock

Answer 19

Three Phases: Compensated, Decompensated, Irreversible

Question 20

Compensated Shock

Answer 20

Low circulating blood Volume with minimal signs of hypoperfusion

• agitation, anxiety, restlessness
• weak rapid pulse
• clammy, cool, moist skin
• nausea vomiting
• sob

Question 21

Decompensated Shock

Answer 21

AMS
Hypotension
Labored Breathing
Absent or threads pulse
Mottled. Cyanotic skin
Dialate Pupils

Question 22

Class I

Answer 22

< 15% blood loss. Normal vitals. Slightly anxious

Question 23

Class II

Answer 23

15-30% blood loss. Tachycardia. Normal BP. Narrowing pulse pressure. Cap refill delayed. Increased respirations. Cool pale skin

Question 24

Class III

Answer 24

30-40% blood loss. Tachycardia. Systolic Low. Narrowing pressures. Delayed cap refill. Fast breathing. Cold pale moist skin. Needs fluid and blood

Question 25

Class IV

Answer 25

> 40% blood loss. Tachycardia or bradycardic. Low pressure. Very narrow pressures. Cap refill absent. Resp rate increased or diminished. AMS. Cold Cyanotic. Fluid and Blood.