Face Flashcards
What is Bell’s Palsy?
Lower motor neuron syndrome of facial nerve resulting in unilateral paralysis or paresis of all facial muscles
Though to be associated with virus infection (herpes simplex)
What results from an upper motor neuron lesion affecting the facial nerve?
Only muscles of the lower face are paralyzed on one side.
E.g. cortical stroke
What are the branches of the External Carotid artery?
Facial artery
Superficial Temporal artery
What are the branches of the facial artery?
Superior and Inferior Labial arteries
Angular artery
What branches from the Internal Carotid artery?
Ophthalmic Artery
What are the branches of the ophthalmic artery?
Supraorbital artery
Supratrochlear artery
Describe venous drainage of the face.
Generally follow arteries
Have no valves
Extensive anastomoses
Why are prolonged infections on the face dangerous?
Infections can spread via anastomoses from the face into venous sinuses inside of the skill and involve cranial nerves to muscles of the eye
Clinical sign is diplopia = blurred vision
What supplies sensory innervation to the face?
Trigeminal Nerve
What are the branches of the trigeminal nerve?
V1 - Ophthalmic
V2 - Maxillary
V3 - Mandibular
Why can facial nerve damage produce difficulty eating?
Buccinator becomes paralyzed so foot is not kept between teeth
How is facial nerve function tested?
By raising the eyebrows with Frontalis
What are the 5 terminal branches of the facial nerve superior to inferior?
Temproal
Zygomatic
Buccal
Mandibular
Cervical
What clinical implications are there for paralysis of the orbicularis oculi muscle?
Patient unable to close eye
Can damage cornea
In newborns, can sew eyelid shut to prevent corneal damage
What are the five facial primordia that form in the fourth week in development and surround the developing stomodeum?
Frontonasal process - by mesenchyme below brain
Maxillary processes - from first branchial arch
Mandibular processes - from first branchial arch inferior to maxillary processes
What is Cheiloschisis and how does it occur?
Cleft Lip
Due to failure of fusion of medial nasal process and maxillary process - can be unilateral or bilateral
What is the nasolacrimal duct?
Connects anterior eye to nasal cavity
Develops as a solid cord from medial angle of eye to nasal cavity, becomes canalized
Obstructed duct can be opened surgically
Where does the opthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve innervate and what are its branches?
Skin above the orbit and medial nose
Supraorbital, Supratrochlear, Infratroclear, Lacrimal, and External Nasal
Where does the Maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve innervate and what are its branches?
Skin of cheek below orbit
Infraorbital, Zygomaticofacial, and Zygomaticotemporal
Where does the Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve innervate and what are its branches?
Skin of jaw and face below angle of mouth
Mental nerve, Auriculotemporal nerve, and Buccal branch of trigeminal
