Face

Question 1

What are the layers of the Scalp?

Answer 1

Skin

Connective tissue (deep/dense)

Aponeurotic layer

Loose connective tissue

Pericranium (attached to skull)

Question 2

What are the branches of facial nerve that innervate muscles of facial expression?

Answer 2

Temporal
Zygomatic

Buccal

Mandibular

Cervical

Question 3

What is the sensory division of Facial nerve (CN VII)?

Answer 3

Sensory of facial nerve is to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

Parasympathetic fibers go to the lacrimal gland and submandibular and sublingual glands

Question 4

What does cutaneous senstation to the face?

Answer 4

Trigeminal nerve CN V

Ant and post Cervical rami

Question 5

What is Bell’s palsy?

Answer 5

Bell’s palsy is a type of facial paralysis that results in an inability to control the facial muscles on the affected side.

• Symptoms can vary from mild to severe.
• They may include muscle twitching, weakness, or total loss of the ability to move one or rarely both sides of the face.
• Other symptoms include drooping of the eyelid, a change in taste, pain around the ear, and increased sensitivity to sound.
• Loss of tone in orbicularis oculi is a problem because lacrimal fluid is not spread over the cornea preventing adequate lubrication

Question 6

Which layer of the scalp can infection spread through easily?

Answer 6

• The loose connective tissue layer is the danger area because pus or blood spreads easily in it
• Infection in this layer can also pass into the cranial cavity through small emissary veins–>which pass through parietal foramen in the calvaria and reach intracranial structures such as meninges

Question 7

Why do cuts in the scalp bleed so profusely?

Answer 7

Arteries course within the connective tissue layer.

• arteries anastomsis freely with adjacent arteires and across the midline with the contralateral artery
• arterial walls are firmly attached to the dense connective tissue in which the arteries are embedded, limiting their ability to constict when cut
  
  • so you bleed a lot in the scalp

Question 8

Explain the blood supply to the face

Answer 8

Most are branches of external carotid

• Facial artery: provides the major arterial supply to face
• Superficial temporal artery: smallest terminal branch of carotid
• Transv facial: arises with in parotid gland and crosses face superficial to masseter

Question 9

Lymph from the scalp face and neck drains into the superficial ring of lymph nodes. What is this ring?

Answer 9

Submental

Submandibular

Parotid

Mastoid

Occipital