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MOD > FA Reproductive pathogens > Flashcards

FA Reproductive pathogens Flashcards

1
Q

Define Metritis Describe the clinical signs.

A

Inflammation of the uterus caused by bacterial pathogens. Reddish-brown foul smelling uterine exudate, may show fever, under 21 days in milk.

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2
Q

Name four bacterial causes of metritis.

A

Escherichia coli, Trueperella pyogenes, Fusobacterium necrophorum, Prevotella spp.

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3
Q

Describe a treatment plan for metritis.

A

Abs - neomycin (beta lact, AG, TC, sulfonamides), Oxytocin - uterine evacuation, PG - induce oestrus

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4
Q

Which toxins cause metritis in a T. pyogenes infected cow?

A

Adhesion factors (FimA) - binds endometrial cells. Pyolysin - cytolysis

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5
Q

Which toxins cause metritis in an F. necrophorum infected cow?

A

Leukotoxin - toxic to leukocytes, macrophages and epithelial cells.

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6
Q

Define endometritis and outline the clinical signs.

A

Inflammation of the endometrium caused by bacterial infection. A purulent uterine discharge at greater than 21 days in milk.

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7
Q

Which pathogens are regularly involved in endometritis?

A

E. coli T. Pyogenes F. Necrophorum

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8
Q

What is seen on a cytological smear of an endometrium in a subclinical endometritis?

A

Increased PMNs on cytology. Also culture or send for PCR to confirm diagnosis

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9
Q

Define cervicitis/ vaginitis.

A

Inflammation of the cervix or vagina due to a mixed bacterial infection of dystocia related injuries.

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10
Q

Name a Bovine Herpes 1 syndrome.

A

Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis.

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11
Q

What clinical signs are associated with IBR?

A

Nasal discharge, bronchopneumonia, increased RR, abortion at 5+ months, ulcerative mucosal lesions in calves, vaginitis

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12
Q

Which Campylobacter causes chronic endometritis and early embryonic death/ abortions in cows?

A

Campylobacter fetus venerealis

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13
Q

Describe the structure of C. fetus venerealis.

A

Gram negative rods

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14
Q

Define pyometra.

A

Intrauterine accumulation of pus.

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15
Q

What clinical signs are often observed alongside pyometra?

A

Persistent corpus luteum and no signs of heat.

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16
Q

Define abortion. Why would it be notifiable?

A

Any fetus born dead or alive at 270 days or earlier. It could be Brucellosis

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17
Q

How could Campylobacteriosis be treated in the cow?

A

Intrauterine and systemic or topical treatment with Dihydrostreptomycin. Remember bull testing is vital!

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18
Q

Describe the virus types of BVD.

A

Two genotypes 1 (EU, mod pathog) and 2 (USA ++ pathog). Each has two biotypes; cytopathic (mucosal disease in persistently infected); non-cytopathic (crosses mat-foet barrier = abortion)

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19
Q

How long does BVD incubate for?

A

5-7 days

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20
Q

Using a timeline describe the potential clinical signs of a BVD infection in a pregnant cow.

A

0-95 d - foetal reabsorption and abortion 95-120 d - Immunotolerence, PIs (ill thrift), if infected again show cytopathic signs. 120 - 285 d - Abortion, placentitis, sero +ve foetus, congenital lesion

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21
Q

What clinical signs are associated with BVD in a non-pregnant cow?

A

Conjunctivitis, nasal discharge, lethergy, decreased yield

22
Q

Which Leoptospira species cause abortion in cattle?

A

L. interrogans/ borgpetersensii (serovar Harjo)

23
Q

True or False. Cattle act as a maintenance host for Leptospira.

A

True - it is zoonotic

24
Q

What clinical signs are associated with Leptospira infection?

A

Flaccid odder, retained foetal membranes, Abortion, stillbirths, weak calves, blood stained colostrum/milk

25
Q
A

Leptospira associated with bovine abortion

26
Q

Which Salmonella species is associated with bovine abortion?

A

Salmonella Dublin (abortion at 5-8 months)

27
Q
A

Salmonella dublin, associated with abortion in cattle at 5-8 months

28
Q

Transmission of Salmonella

A

Faecal-oral

Contaminated material

29
Q

Pre-weaning salmonellosis is characterised by what clinical signs?

A
  • Ill-thrift
  • Lethergy
  • Pyrexia
  • Bloody/ watery diarrhoea
  • Endotoxic shock
30
Q

Brucellosis is caused by what Brucella species?

A

Brucella abortus - NOTIFIABLE

31
Q

This reproductive pathogen is nontifiable in the UK and characterised by:

  • Abortion/ premature abortion
  • RFM
  • Purulent placentitis
  • Orchitis
A

Brucellosis

32
Q

The reproductive pathogen is associated with:

  • Abortion 5-8 months
  • Pre-weaning scours/ ill thrift
A

Salmonella dublin

33
Q

True or False

Brucellosis is a treatable pathogen.

A

False - infected animals are infected for life and therefore slaughter is the only option

34
Q

Enzootic abortion

A

Chlamydophila abortus

35
Q

This reproductive pathogen is characterised by:

  • Sheep abort after 90days
  • Vaginal discharge
  • Weak lambs
  • Placentitis - intercotyledonary thickening
  • Lamb organ inflammation
A

Chlamydophila abortus

36
Q

Outline the outcome of a ewe infected with Chlamydophila abortus at:

  1. Pre 90 days pregnancy
  2. 90 days pregnancy
  3. Non-pregnant
A
  1. CA remains extracellularly until 90 days then causes abortion
  2. CA causes abortion
  3. CA remains dormant until ewe is 90 days pregnant

Remember all ewes are immune after first infection

37
Q

Outline a control protocol for Chlamydophila in sheep.

A
  • Vaccination - Enzovax (4weeks pretupping)
  • Prevent spread - isolate infected ewes and dispose of infected material
  • Decrease abortion via Oxytetracycline
  • DON’T buy it in!
38
Q

What pathological lesions are associated with Toxoplasma gondii?

A

Strawberry lesions - placentitis

Mummified foetus in mid pregnancy infections

39
Q

What type of vaccination is Toxovax?

A

Live attenutated tachyzoites

40
Q

Which Salmonella species is associated with ovine abortion?

A

Salmonella abortus ovis (ZOONOTIC)

41
Q

This reproductive pathogen is associated with ovine disease:

  • Late abortion - last 1/3 of pregnancy
  • Metritis following abortion
  • Systemic illness
A

Salmonella abortus ovis

42
Q

This ovine reproductive pathogen is associated with:

  • Abortion in the last 6 weeks of pregnancy
  • Metritis
  • Zoonosis
  • Source: birds
A

Campylobacter fetus fetus

43
Q

A pestivirus associated with hairy shaker lambs.

A

Border disease virus

44
Q

This ovine reproductive pathogen is associated with:

  • Barren ewes
  • Placentitis - reabsorption/ mummification/ expulsion
  • Hairy shaker lambs
A

Border disease

45
Q
A

Hairy shaker lamb

  • Cerebella hypoplasia
  • Hairy rather than wooly
  • Long limbs
46
Q

What happens with infection of sheep with Border disease virus at:

  • Early pregnancy - 0-60 days
  • Mid - 60-85 days
  • Late - 85 days plus
A
  1. Early - reabsorption, abortion, still birth
  2. 60-85 - Abortion, hairy shakers, persistently infected
  3. 85 days + - Normal but Ab positive
47
Q

Orthobunya virus

A

Schmallenberg

48
Q

This reproductive pathogen is associated with mild enteric disease in cattle and in sheep:

  • Increased return to serve
  • Lamb birth defects - domed head, twisted spine and limbs, blindness, fitting
A

Schmallenberg

49
Q

This reproductive pathogen, found in poor silage, is often associated with encephalitis, septicaemia and abortion in ewes.

A

Listeria monocytogenes

50
Q

Q fever

A

Coxiella burnettii

MOD (7 decks)

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