Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NCLEX > F/E 2 > Flashcards

F/E 2 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
NCLEX-RN® flashcards NCLEX-PN® flashcards
1
Q

Isotonic Fluid

A

NS, LR, D5W, D5 1/4 NS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Do not use isotonic fluids with these 3 things

A

Renal disease, Heart Disease, HTN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hypotonic solutions

A

D 2.5W, 0.45% NS, 0.3% NS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Hypotonic acts how?

A

Shifts fluid out of the vascular space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What kind of fluid to give to heart disease/renal disease/HTN

A

hypotonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hypertonic solutions

A

D10W, 3-5% NS, D5LR, D5 ½ NS, D5 NS, TPN, Albumin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Monitor in ICU setting with what kind of fluids?

A

Hypertonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What 2 electrolytes act like sedatives with increased amounts?

A

Mg, Ca - Think muscles first

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Causes of Hypermagnesemia

A

Renal failure - Excreted there (can be lost through GI too)

Antacids - Contain Mg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

S/S ^Mg

A

DECREASE: DTR, P, R

Muscle weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Mg does what to the blood vessels?

A

Causes vasodilation, resulting in flushing and warmth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Tx of ^Mg

A

Calcium Gluconate - Antidote that must by given slowly!
Dialysis
MV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Causes of Hypercalcemia

A

Hyperparathyroidism

Immobilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How does PTH affect Ca?

A

When serum Ca is low, PTH pulls Ca from the bones and into the blood stream, causing bones to be brittle and kidney stones to develop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What kind of diuretic retains Ca

A

Thiazide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Treatment of ^Ca

A 
MOVE to keep Ca in the bones
FLUID to prevent stones
Phosphate binders - P inverse to Ca
Vitamin D so the body can utilize Ca
Foods high in P - Organ meats, nuts, seeds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Causes of LOW Magnesium

A

Diarrhea - Lots of Mg in our stomach
Alcohol
* We get most of our Mg through food, so if we have diarrhea, we lose it; If we drink alcohol, we aren’t hungry so we aren’t getting it from food; also alcohol causes diuresis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

S/S of LOW Mg and LOW Ca in muscles

A 
NOT ENOUGH SEDATIVE
Muscle tone: rigid and tight
Smooth muscle-airway: Stridor/larygngospasm
Sm muscle-esophagus: Swallowing problems
Cardiac muscle: Arrhythmias
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Other S/S LOW Mg and LOW Ca

A 
SEIZURE
Chevostek's - Cheek twitch
Trousseaus - BP cough w/ tremor
Increase in DTR
Mind changes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Treatment of LOW Mg

A

Give Mg - give slowly
Seizure precautions
Eat Mg - Greens and seeds

21
Q

Precaution of giving Mg

A

Check kidney function before and during infusion and stop if kidney function appears to be declining or a reaction appears

Even if there are MINOR changes, you need dos top the Mg

22
Q

Causes of Hypocalcemia

A

Hypoparathyroidism
Radical neck, Thyroidectomy - These may cause the doctor to accidentally clip part of the parathyroid gland, thus causing a decrease in PTH secretion

23
Q

S/S LOW Ca

A

NOT ENOUGH SEDATIVE

Rigid muscles with swallowing, breathing, arrhythmias, Chevosteks, Trousseau’s, mind changes

24
Q

Treatment of LOW Ca

A

Vitamin D so we can use the Ca
Phosphate binders - Ca Acetate, sevelamer: Make P^ so Ca goes down
IV Ca - Need to give slowly and with a heart monitor

25
Q

When taking about Na changes, think of what changes

A

NEURO

26
Q

Sodium leves depend on what

A

Amount of water

27
Q

With high Na, think _______

A

Dehydration and low K

28
Q

Causes of ^Na

A 
Hyperventilation (insensible fluid low)
Heat Stroke - sweating
DI (diurese a lot)
Vomiting and diarrhea
Feeding tube pt - May need to call MD to increase water intake after feeding
29
Q

S/S of LOW Na

A

Dry mouth
Thirsty (already dehydrated)
SWOLLEN TONGUE
Neuro changes

30
Q

Tx of LOW Na

A

Restrict Na and dilute pt with fluids
Daily wt, I/O
Labs

31
Q

With low Na, think ______

A

Dilution

32
Q

Causes of Hyponatremia

A

Replacing fluid by drinking water
Psychogenic polydipsia
SIADH - retain water
D5W - Sugar and water

33
Q

S/S LOW Na

A

HA, seizure, coma

34
Q

Tx of LOW Na - pt needs Na but not water

A

Hypertonic saline (3-5% NS)

35
Q

K is secreted by the _____

A

Kidneys

36
Q

____ K : _____ Na

A

Low K : High Na

37
Q

We have lots of K where?

A

Our stomach

38
Q

Causes of ^K

A

Decrease renal function
Spironolactone
ACEI

39
Q

S/S ^K

A

Muscle twitching –> weakness –> paralysis
Peak T wave, longer PR, wide QRS
Arrythmias

40
Q

Treatment of ^K

A

Dialysis
Ca Gluconate - decreases arrhythmia
Na polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexelate) exchanges K for Na in Gi tract

Insulin & glucose - bring K out of vast space

41
Q

Anytime you give IV insulin, worry about _____ and _______

A

Low glucose and Low K

Insulin carries glucose and K into the cells s when giving insulin, we worry about LOW K and LOW GLUCOSE

42
Q

Causes of LOW K

A

Vomiting, suction (Remember that there is a lot of K in our stomach)
Diuretics
Not eating

43
Q

S/S of LOW K

A

Muscle cramps –> weakness

Arrhythmias

44
Q

Tx of LOW K

A

Give K
Spironolactone
Eat more K - greens, veggies, fruit

45
Q

SE of oral K? How to relieve?

A

GI upset

Take with food

46
Q

SE of IV K?

A

Burning –> Will “eat” at peripheral veins

47
Q

What to check before/during IV potassium? How do we give it IV?

A

UO
On a PUMP and MIXED WELL - NEVER IVP
Watch IV sites

48
Q

Need to check what when giving IV K

A

Kidney function

NCLEX (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions