Acid & Base

Question 1

CO2 is ______ while HCO3 is ______

Answer 1

CO2 - Acid

HCO3 - Base

Question 2

Hypoventilation is what imbalance

Hyperventilation?

Answer 2

Low RR = acidosis

Increased RR = alkalosis

Question 3

How do kidneys work in regards to acid and HCO3?

Answer 3

Acid is excreted by the kidneys through urine and HCO3 is either held onto/retained in the blood or excreted through urine

SLOW process, but efficient

Question 4

Lungs respond ______

Answer 4

FAST

Question 5

Causes of RR acidosis

Answer 5

Mid abdominal incision (hurts to breathe)
Pain meds, sedatives
Trauma to the lungs

Question 6

Earliest sign of hypoxia

Answer 6

RESTLESSNESS

Question 7

Increase CO2 will cause _____ & _____

Answer 7

Decrease LOC and Decrease O2

Question 8

Tx RR acidosis

Answer 8

Fix breathing issue: antagonist meds, repair trauma, suctioning, elevate HOB, deep breathing/coughing

Question 9

RR alkalosis and lung compensation

Answer 9

Need acid because we are losing CO2 so kidneys will excrete HCO3 but retain the H

Question 10

Causes of R alkalosis

Answer 10

Hyperventilation
Hysterical
Acute Aspirin OD (stimulate breathing center)

Question 11

S/S of R Alkalosis

Answer 11

Light headed, peri-oral numbness, tinging of fingers/toes

Question 12

Tx R alkalosis

Answer 12

Calm the pt down - paper bag breathing

May have to sedate the pt

Question 13

Metabolic Acidosis - What is the body doing?

Answer 13

The body is retaining Hydrogen or does not have enough HCO3

Question 14

Respiratory rate of M acidosis

Answer 14

Kussmauls - increased rate and depth

Question 15

Causes of M acidosis

Answer 15

DKA, starvation - body starved for sugar so it will break down protein and fat and produce ketones

renal failure, severe diarrhea

Question 16

S/S M acidosis

Answer 16

Depend on the cause
HIGH K
Increased RR to try to remove the acid

Question 17

Tx of M acidosis

Answer 17

Treat the cause but you could give IV NaHCO3

Question 18

Metabolic alkalosis - what is the body doing?

Answer 18

Retaining too much HCO3 and excreting H (losing too much acid)

Question 19

Causes of M alkalosis

Answer 19

Loss of upper GI contents

Too many antacids

Question 20

S/S M alkalosis

Answer 20

Depend on cause
LOW K - need to replace
Watch for muscle cramps and arrhythmia

Question 21

Upper GI loss = ______
Lower GI loss = ______
Hemodynamics

Answer 21

Alkalosis

Acidosis

Question 22

Potassium in M acidosis and alkalosis

Answer 22

M acidosis: ^K

M alkalosis: vK