Eyjafjallajokull 2010 Flashcards
Location: What type of plate boundary?
Constructive
Location: Which plates are involved?
Eurasian plate is moving east, North American plate is moving west
Location: At what rate are the plates moving apart?
2.5cm a year
Location: Where abouts in Iceland is it?
Southern Iceland, beneath an ice cap
Eruption: When was the main eruption?
19th April 2010
Eruption: When did the eruption start?
20th March 2010
Eruption: How high did the ash plume rise?
11km
Eruption: Where was the dominant lava flow?
To the west, but there was one to the east too
Eruption: Why was ash distributed at a high velocity?
Due to the jetstreams above Iceland
Eruption: What percentage of the ash plume was under 10 micro metres?
24%
I.R.: How many farmers and their families were evacuated in Iceland?
500- mainly sheep farmers
P. E.: Example of a surrounding road that was shut?
Route 1
P. E.: What did local people down wind have to wear?
Goggles and face masks because the ash was so thick
P.E.: How many farms were destroyed by flooding and ash?
20
P. E.: What happened to some of the lambs?
They died- possibly because of high levels of ash
P. E.: How thick was the ice cap that melted?
150m
P. E.: How many tonnes of carbon dioxide were emitted each day?
30,000 tonnes
S. E.: Which flights were cancelled?
European and Trans-Atlantic flights
S. E.: According to IATA, how much did airlines and associated businesses lose each day?
£130 million
S. E.: What percentage of air traffic was stopped over 8 days?
48% (10 million passengers)
S. E.: How much of Kenya’s economy is based on the export of green vegetables?
20%
S. E.: How many farmers were temporarily unemployed in Kenya?
50,000
S. E.: How much did shares in air travel and tourism agencies drop by?
4%
S. E.: Which industry saw reduced demand?
Oil industry- less fuel needed
S. E.: Name 2 effected sporting events
Boston Marathon, Japanese Motorcycle Grand Prix
S. E.: How much did London lose in tourism?
£102 million (estimated)
I.R.: Why were sections of the Route 1 embankment breached?
To allow floodwater through
I.R.: How many beds did the Dutch Red Cross set up at Schiphol airport?
1,500
I.R.: Why were Icelandic farmers warned not to let cattle drink water?
It had high levels of fluoride
I.R.: Why did countries like the UK track ash?
So they could make an informed decision about air traffic
I.R.: What did the Icelandic Met Office do?
Monitor Eyjafallajokull 24/7
Observe all 30 active volcanoes and record any signs of possible activity
I.R.: What did the Icelandic Red Cross do?
Provide food for evacuated farmers
Translate International Volcanic Health Hazard Network into Icelandic and distribute it
I.R.: Who set up a 24 hour hotline informing Icelandic residents of updates?
Icelandic Red Cross and authorities
L.R.: What did stranded passengers demand?
Compensation
L.R.: What did Ryan Air try to argue in court?
It was an extraordinary event (they lost)
L.R.: What’s Futurevolc?
A 3.5 year project involving 26 groups in order to develop new ways of monitoring volcanoes
L.R.: Give 3 examples of groups involved with Futurevolc
Bristol University, German Aerospace Centre, Icelandic Met Office
L.R.: Which €80 billion project did volcanic monitoring feature in?
Horizon 2010
L.R.: What’s the point in Horizon 2010?
Researching ways to support Europe’s economic competitiveness (7 year project)
L.R.: Describe 3 ways that the Civil Aviation Authority has changed its’ volcanic ash arrangements?
New system regulating how aviation deals with ash- more airspace to be used safely
Radar in Iceland, helps observe ash density
Establishment of 2 working groups to act as advisers on ash forecasting (scientists and airlines)
