Eyjafjallajokull 2010

Question 1

Location: What type of plate boundary?

Answer 1

Constructive

Question 2

Location: Which plates are involved?

Answer 2

Eurasian plate is moving east, North American plate is moving west

Question 3

Location: At what rate are the plates moving apart?

Answer 3

2.5cm a year

Question 4

Location: Where abouts in Iceland is it?

Answer 4

Southern Iceland, beneath an ice cap

Question 5

Eruption: When was the main eruption?

Answer 5

19th April 2010

Question 6

Eruption: When did the eruption start?

Answer 6

20th March 2010

Question 7

Eruption: How high did the ash plume rise?

Answer 7

11km

Question 8

Eruption: Where was the dominant lava flow?

Answer 8

To the west, but there was one to the east too

Question 9

Eruption: Why was ash distributed at a high velocity?

Answer 9

Due to the jetstreams above Iceland

Question 10

Eruption: What percentage of the ash plume was under 10 micro metres?

Answer 10

24%

Question 11

I.R.: How many farmers and their families were evacuated in Iceland?

Answer 11

500- mainly sheep farmers

Question 12

P. E.: Example of a surrounding road that was shut?

Answer 12

Route 1

Question 13

P. E.: What did local people down wind have to wear?

Answer 13

Goggles and face masks because the ash was so thick

Question 14

P.E.: How many farms were destroyed by flooding and ash?

Answer 14

20

Question 15

P. E.: What happened to some of the lambs?

Answer 15

They died- possibly because of high levels of ash

Question 16

P. E.: How thick was the ice cap that melted?

Answer 16

150m

Question 17

P. E.: How many tonnes of carbon dioxide were emitted each day?

Answer 17

30,000 tonnes

Question 18

S. E.: Which flights were cancelled?

Answer 18

European and Trans-Atlantic flights

Question 19

S. E.: According to IATA, how much did airlines and associated businesses lose each day?

Answer 19

£130 million

Question 20

S. E.: What percentage of air traffic was stopped over 8 days?

Answer 20

48% (10 million passengers)

Question 21

S. E.: How much of Kenya’s economy is based on the export of green vegetables?

Answer 21

20%

Question 22

S. E.: How many farmers were temporarily unemployed in Kenya?

Answer 22

50,000

Question 23

S. E.: How much did shares in air travel and tourism agencies drop by?

Answer 23

4%

Question 24

S. E.: Which industry saw reduced demand?

Answer 24

Oil industry- less fuel needed

Question 25

S. E.: Name 2 effected sporting events

Answer 25

Boston Marathon, Japanese Motorcycle Grand Prix

Question 26

S. E.: How much did London lose in tourism?

Answer 26

£102 million (estimated)

Question 27

I.R.: Why were sections of the Route 1 embankment breached?

Answer 27

To allow floodwater through

Question 28

I.R.: How many beds did the Dutch Red Cross set up at Schiphol airport?

Answer 28

1,500

Question 29

I.R.: Why were Icelandic farmers warned not to let cattle drink water?

Answer 29

It had high levels of fluoride

Question 30

I.R.: Why did countries like the UK track ash?

Answer 30

So they could make an informed decision about air traffic

Question 31

I.R.: What did the Icelandic Met Office do?

Answer 31

Monitor Eyjafallajokull 24/7

Observe all 30 active volcanoes and record any signs of possible activity

Question 32

I.R.: What did the Icelandic Red Cross do?

Answer 32

Provide food for evacuated farmers

Translate International Volcanic Health Hazard Network into Icelandic and distribute it

Question 33

I.R.: Who set up a 24 hour hotline informing Icelandic residents of updates?

Answer 33

Icelandic Red Cross and authorities

Question 34

L.R.: What did stranded passengers demand?

Answer 34

Compensation

Question 35

L.R.: What did Ryan Air try to argue in court?

Answer 35

It was an extraordinary event (they lost)

Question 36

L.R.: What’s Futurevolc?

Answer 36

A 3.5 year project involving 26 groups in order to develop new ways of monitoring volcanoes

Question 37

L.R.: Give 3 examples of groups involved with Futurevolc

Answer 37

Bristol University, German Aerospace Centre, Icelandic Met Office

Question 38

L.R.: Which €80 billion project did volcanic monitoring feature in?

Answer 38

Horizon 2010

Question 39

L.R.: What’s the point in Horizon 2010?

Answer 39

Researching ways to support Europe’s economic competitiveness (7 year project)

Question 40

L.R.: Describe 3 ways that the Civil Aviation Authority has changed its’ volcanic ash arrangements?

Answer 40

New system regulating how aviation deals with ash- more airspace to be used safely
Radar in Iceland, helps observe ash density
Establishment of 2 working groups to act as advisers on ash forecasting (scientists and airlines)