eyewitness testimony: misleading information Flashcards

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1
Q

leading questions - what is the response bias explanation?

A
  • wording doesn’t have effect on memory of event

- but does influence the kind of answer given

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2
Q

leading questions - what is the substitution explanation?

A
  • wording of question does affect memory

- interferes with original memory which distorts accuracy

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3
Q

Loftus and Palmer (74) leading questions:

what is the procedure?

A
  • 45 students watch film clip od car accident
  • answer questions about speed
  • critical questions was “how fast were the cars coming”

5 groups of participants given different verbs in the critical question: hit, bumped, collided, smashed, contacted

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4
Q

Loftus and Palmer (74) leading questions:

what are the findings?

A
  • “contacted” gave average speed guess of 31.8 mph
  • “smashed” gave speed of 40.5 mph
  • “smashed” also caused people to recall smashed glass when there wasn’t
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5
Q

Loftus and Palmer (74) leading questions:

what is the conclusion?

A
  • the leading question caused a biased eyewitness recall of events
  • word smashed suggested higher speed than contacted
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6
Q

post event discussion - what is memory contamination?

A
  • when co-witnesses discuss the crime

- they mix (mis)information from other people with their own memories

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7
Q

post event discussion (PED) - what is memory conformity?

A
  • witnesses go along with each other to win social approval

- also may do it because they believe the other person’s right and they’re wrong

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8
Q

Gabbert et al (2003) post-event discussion:

what is the procedure?

A
  • paired participants watch video of same crime but they see different elements of it
  • both people discuss what they saw before individually completing a test of recall
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9
Q

Gabbert et al (2003) post-event discussion:

what is are the findings?

A
  • 71% of participants mistakenly recall aspects of the video they didn’t see but heard about in the discussion
  • in a control group where there was no discussion, there were no errors
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10
Q

+ useful real life application

A
  • Loftus (75) believe leading questions have such dogtrotting effect that price should be careful which questions they ask
  • research into EWT can improve legal system
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11
Q
  • tasks are artificial (watching a car crash video)
A
  • watch films doesn’t create the same stress of the an actual car crash (emotion effects memory)
  • artificial tasks tell us little as it doesn’t account for emotion
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12
Q
  • individual differences
A
  • it was said older people recall worse than younger ones
  • Anastasi and Rhodes (06) found people 18-25 and 35-45 more accurate than 55-78 year olds
  • all groups more accurate when identifying people of same age (age bias)
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