eyewitness testimony: cognitive interview Flashcards

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1
Q

how is it based on the psychological understanding of memory (fisher and Geiselman 92)

A
  • fisher and geiselman (92) claim EWT could be improved if police use techniques based on psychological insight into how memory works
  • called cognitive because it has cognitive psychology foundations
  • Rapport/ understanding is established with interviewees
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2
Q

why do they say to report everything?

A
  • witnesses encouraged to include every detail , even if irrelevant or not confident
  • seemingly trivial things could be important and may trigger other memories
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3
Q

why should you reinstate the context?

A
  • person returns to crime scene in their mind and imagines environment (like weather and emotions)
  • this based on the concept of context dependant forgetting- cues from context may trigger recall
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4
Q

why should the order be reversed?

A
  • events recalled in different chronological order
  • prevents people using expectation of how events must have happened rather than actual events
  • also prevents dishonestly (harder to lie when recall in reverse)
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5
Q

why should there be a change in perspective?

A
  • witness recall the incident from other peoples perspective - how would it have appeared to another witness or perpetrator?
  • prevents influence of expectations and schema on recall (packages of information with expectations of the world)
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6
Q

how did Fisher et al (87) enhance the interview?

A
  • fisher develop additional elements of CI
    includes focus on social dynamics of interaction (like knowing when to establishes eye contact)
  • enhances CI by including ideas like reducing eyewitness anxiety, minimising distractions, speaking slowly, asking open questions
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7
Q
  • CI is time consuming
A
  • more time than standard police interview (need time to relax)
  • also requires special training which many forces cant get the time for (Kebbell (96)
  • proper version of CI isle tased which is why police don’t rate it
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8
Q

+/- some elements more valuable than others

A
  • Milne and Bull (02) found each technique produces more info than police interview
  • but report everything and context reinstatement produce better recall than any other techniques
  • suggests at least 2 of the elements should be used in police interview too increase credibility
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9
Q

+ support for effectiveness of ECI

A
  • meta-analysis by Kohnken (99) combined data from 50 studies
  • CI consistently provide more correct info than police interview
  • show real practical benefits to police using Enhanced version of CI (benefits whole of society)
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