Eyewitness - Cognitive Interview (AO1) Flashcards
What are the 5 Techniques of the cognitive interview?
- Report Everything
- Reinstate Context
- Change Order
- Change Perspective
- Rapport
“Rabbits Eat Really Crunchy Carrots On Clean Plates Regularly”
What is Report Everything?
eyewitnesses should be encouraged to report every detail even if they seem irrelevant
What is Reinstate Context?
the eyewitness is encouraged to mentally recreate the original environment
What is Change Order?
eyewitnesses may be asked to recall events in reverse order or to start in the middle
What is Change Persepctive?
the eyewitness is asked to imagine viewing the incident from a different perspective, for example pretending they were one of the other witnesses present at the time or the victim
What is Rapport?
this technique is used to enhance the cognitive interview by using elements such as focusing attention and building trust and rapport
Why do we use Report Everything?
forgetting is often due to a lack of appropriate cues (cue-dependent forgetting, Tulving & Psotka 1971) and such detail may suddenly trigger the recollection of other important information
Why do we use Reinstate Context?
context is also an important cue - if you go back to the situation you were in when the event occurred it can jog your memory (Goodwin et al, 1969 - sober/alcohol + Godden & Baddeley, 1975 - divers)
Why do we use Change Order?
we remember information in a predictable order e.g getting into a car then turning engine on, such expectations influence what you do actually recall, if you reverse the order it prevents the influence of expectations
Why do we use Change Perspective?
another way to vary the route through memory is to change spatial perspective instead of just logical perspective, by viewing a series of events from a different location a person may become aware of further information that was stored in their memory
e.g. Anderson & Pichert (1978) asked ppts to recall details of a house from the perspective of a house buyer or a burglar, each perspective led to the recall of additional details
