eyes SM Flashcards
A patient presents with an eye complaint. What should you do first?
Assess visual acuity with Snellen chart
What does 20/40 vision mean?
they can see at 20 feet, what a normal person sees at 40 feet
What is amblyopia? What causes this?
a lazy eye - a wandering eye or poor depth perception
caused by strabismus (crossed eyes)
What vision is considered legally blind?
20/200
What test is used to assess for color blindness?
Ishihara color vision test
What cranial nerves are related to the eye? What does each one do?
CN 2, 3, 4, 6 Optic - vision acuity Oculomotor - focus Trochlear - down and in Abducens - out
Describe a normal fundoscopic exam.
arteries are thin and lighter in color than the veins
sharp disc margins
red reflex
Describe what is found on eye exam for hypertension.
Copper wire arteries
AV nicking
flame hemorrhages
papilledema
Describe what is found on eye exam for diabetes.
Cotton wool spots
Blot hemorrhages
Microaneurysms
Neovascularization
A patient is complaining of sudden eye pain, halos around lights, blurry vision, and eye feels firm to the touch. What diagnostic should be considered? What is this?
Tonometry - increased ICP
Acute angle closure glaucoma - REFER immediately
A patient is complain of a feeling of a curtain over the eye, sudden floaters, and flashes of light. What is this?
Retinal detachment - REFER immediately
Arcus senilus. Describe, what should be ordered?
grey halo around iris
lipid panel, especially in the young
elder
Xanthelasma. Describe, what should be considered?
yellow deposits around the orbitals/eyes
benign in elderly
order a lipid panel in younger
Describe pterygium.
benign overgrowth of conjunctiva - encroaches
Causes: surfer’s eye (sun) or from trauma
Describe pinguecula.
will NOT cross cornea - piNguecula
What is the difference between a hordeolum and chalazion? What treatments are considered?
Hordeolum is a stye - more symptoms/bacterial cause (staph A), consider antibiotics. Warm compress
Chalazion is a blockage of the duct, localized symptoms, warm compress
What are the three types of conjunctivitis?
allergic, viral, bacterial
Conjunctivitis: starts bilaterally? unilaterally then spreads to bilateral?
Allergic
Viral or bacterial
What drainage is typical of allergic conjunctivitis? Viral? Bacterial?
Allergic/Viral - serous. Allergic is MORE stringy and ropy
Bacterial - purulent
What medical term is used for pink eye?
adenoviral conjunctivitis
What are common lymph nodes are enlarged with allergic conjunctivitis? Viral? Bacterial?
Allergic - cervical chain
Viral - preauricular (in front of ears), submandibular node
Bacterial - unlikely
An elderly patient complaining of symptoms at night and an absent red reflex, you suspect?
cataracts
A patient complaining of central vision loss. What is a simple lifestyle modification?
macular degeneration
larger print to help with reading
A middle age patient complaining of “their arms seem too short.”
Presbyopia - hardening of the lens
glasses
What diagnosis is commonly associated with a corneal abrasion? How is this diagnosed? Common complaints?
Bell’s palsy
DX: fluorescein staining
c/o pain, gritty feeling, light sensitivity, redness, tearing
A patient complaining of eye pain, sensitive to light, and cannot see as well. Eye is red, inflammed iris. What is this? What should be done?
Iritis or Uveitis
refer to ophthalmology, worried about vision loss
needs slit lamp exam
