EYES Flashcards
medication can increase intraocular pressure
steroids
most likely cause of painful loss of vision in a young woman with RAPD
optic neuritis
acute painful red eye (ciliary injection), with the associated visual loss and photophobia and headache
acute iritis
headache and insidious-onset visual field defect in young obese women.
Benign intracranial hypertension
What is the MINIMUM corrected visual acuity at which DVLA permits patients to drive
6/12
SINGLE MOST likely eye disease associated with smoking
Age-related macular degeneration
corneal abrasion treatment
topical chloramphenicol
lesion on eyelid, non painful but can get inflamed and point inside the lid
chalazia
eyelid lesion, point on the lid margin
stye or hordeola
difference between chalazia and stye
chalazia non painful points inside the lid and chronic (does not resolve without intervention, stye is acute and self limiting
Normal binocular coordination becomes evident at what age and any persistent strabismus after this age is significant.
3 months
SINGLE MOST likely condition to be associated with chronic open angle glaucoma
Type 2 diabetes
Fluorescein shows a central patch of irregular uptake of stain
dendritic ulcer
dendritic ulcer treatment
3% aciclovir eye ointment + urgent referral to ophthalmology
painless loss of vision, pale retina, afferent pupilary defect
retinal artery occlusion
drug that can cause characteristic staining on contact lenses
sulfasalazine
can cause ulceration of the cornea which can be sight threatening due to scarring if not treated rapidly
keratitis
presents with severe, boring ocular pain which may also involve the adjacent head and facial regions with marked vasodilation of the vessels all over the white of the eye
scleritis
Most patients taking amiodarone will develop what eye condition
corneal microdeposits
circumlimbial’ pattern of injection, eye pain, reduction in visual acuity and pupillary change
acute iritis
causes of secondary glaucoma, 4x
uveitis, eye trauma, medication (especially steroids) and cataracts
isual acuity threshold would qualify this patient to be registered as severely sight impaired (formerly blind)
3/60
common cause of blindness in the UK
Macular degeneration
sudden loss of visin can occur in temporal arteriyis due to?
ischaemic optic neuropathy
patient frequently presents with sudden unilateral painless loss of vision or blurred vision, often starting on waking. There are widespread dot-blot and flame haemorrhages throughout the fundus associated with disc oedema
Central retinal vein occlusion
loss of vision for 45 mins fully recovered
Amaurosis fugax
associated with TIA (eye condition)
Amaurosis fugax
REDUCES intraocular pressure by increasing uveoscleral outflow
Latanoprost (PGA analogue)
allergic conjunctivitis treatment
Sodium cromoglicate
eyedrop that can can aggravate coronary insufficiency
Brimonidine
first line treatment for glaucoma
Latanoprost
immediate management for acute closure glaucoma if immediate referral is not possible (drugs + measures)
500mg acetazolamide + pilocarpine drops (2%bue eyes, 4% brown eyes) + lie flat
Far away objects appear blurred and near objects appear clearly
myopia
causes difficulties in seeing fine detail, and in some cases vertical lines (e.g. walls) may appear to the patient to be tilted.
Astigmatism
caused by either no transmission or poor transmission of the visual stimulation through the optic nerve to the brain for a sustained period or during early childhood, resulting in poor or dim vision. USUALLY AFFECTS ONLY ONE EYE
Amblyopia
defect of vision caused by an imperfection where the eyeball is too short, or the lens cannot become round enough, causing difficulty focusing on near objects.
Hypermetropia
condition where the eye exhibits a PROGRESSIVELY diminished ability to focus on near objects with age
Presbyopia
eyedrops preferred for soft contact lens wearers
Preservative-free products coming in single-dose
For nasolacrimal duct obstruction in babies, refer to a paediatric ophthalmologist if it fails to clear by
one year
most common post-surgical complication seen in cataract surgery
Posterior capsular thickening
progressive loss of central vision. People retain some peripheral vision, but the ability to see well enough to recognise faces, drive and read is affected, and vision can deteriorate rapidly.
age-related macular degeneration
painless loss of vision, loss of peripheral vision
Primary (chronic) open-angle glaucoma
here is an obvious fluid level in the inferior anterior chamber, eye condition?
hypopyon/uvveitis or endophtalmitis
