Eyes Flashcards
Pt with vision that is not affected, acute redness, and lacrimation, gritty burning, absent to mild pain, the eye blanches with phenylephrine. What does this describe?
episcleritis
What treatment is recommended for episcleritis?
eye lubricants
NSAIDs
corticosteroids
Start topical then go to oral
Scleritis is or is not sight-threatening?
is sight-threatening
Hx of rheumatoid arthritis, and severe boring eye pain, and erythema, what’s the most likely dx?
Scleritis
Violaceous Hue (blueish hue) in the sclera is specific to ?
Scleritis
You come across an eye disorder that does not blanch with phenylephrine what would you consider
scleritis
What is uveitis?
intraocular inflammation
What type of uveitis is most common?
anterior 60-90%
Hypopyon is?
pus in the anterior chamber of the eye
What causes cataracts?
The lens becomes cloudy or darkened (with proteins)
Aging, disease, UV rays, smoking, medications
what is the biggest risk factor for cataracts?
age
Why is age a big factor in cataracts?
the eye cannot shed cells and this causes the buildup of proteins over time that lead to opacities
What are some external risk factors for developing cataracts?
UV light/radiation
Cigarettes
long term corticosteroids
DM
What is the tx for cataracts? when do you tx?
surgery
Phacoemulsification, when it affects ADLs
What is significant about Leukocoria in children?
malignant neoplasm of the retina found in retinoblastoma
How does glaucoma occur?
if the drainage of aqueous humor is slower than the production; it causes a buildup of pressure that transmits to the macula
What causes acute angel-closure glaucoma?
narrowing or closure of the anterior chamber
a 70-year-old Asian American woman who comes out of a dark theatre develops sudden severe acute pain, what would you suspect?
angle-closure glaucoma
What form of glaucoma is precipitated by mydriasis = dilation of the pupil?
angle-closure glaucoma
What clinical finding on the exam would you see in glaucoma?
cupping of the optic disc
What is rhegmatogenous retina detachment?
detachment due to a tear
What clinical findings would you see with retinal detachment?
flashes and floaters
Clinical findings would be present for vitreous hemorrhage?
sudden vision loss
floaters
no pain or redness
bleeding inside eye
Where does vision loss occur in macular degeneration? Is it reversible?
loss of central vision loss, no
Maculopathy can be inferred from what clinical finding on PE?
retinal drusen bodies
What are drusen bodies?
they are small, discrete spots that are slightly more yellow than the retina and most commonly a consequence of aging and may be a precursor to macular degeneration. *use Amsler grid to determine macular degeneration
What is hordeolum?
acute inflammatory infectious process affecting sebaceous glands of eyelid-cause by Saph aureus
What is the most common pathogen that causes a style hordeolum?
staph aureus
What is the clinical presentation of hordeolum?
red, swollen tender
looks like a small pustule
What is a chalazion?
Cyst due to blockage of the meibomian gland. Treat with warm compress to the eye.
What is blepharitis?
inversion of the eyelid due to degeneration of the fascia
eyelashes are touching the eye
What are the clinical findings of entropian?
eye discomfort
xs tearing-blocked lacrimal duct
redness
vision in
What is dacryocystitis?
inflammation of the lacrimal sac due to partial obstruction of the nasolacrimal system
What is a dacryocystocele?
Mucocele that forms in the lacrimal sac due to congenital NLD obstruction.
Presents as a bluish-gray mass in the inferomedial to the medial canthus.
Initially sterile but can become infected.
What is typically a cause of viral conjunctivitis?
adenovirus
a conjunctivitis pt has serous watery dc what type would you suspect?
viral
a conjunctivitis pt has purulent dc what type would you suspect?
bacterial
Profuse purulent discharge, of the eye, should have what high your differential?
gonorrhea
You observe cobblestone papillae when examining the eyelid of a pt, other clinical signs are pruritic, and redness. what is it?
allergic conjunctivitis
What is keratoconjunctivitis sicca?
dry eyes
a patient presents with a yellow elevated nodule on the eye
pinguecula
A pt lives in an Arizona dry desert area presents with fleshy triangular encroachment of colored part of the eye what does he have?
pterygium
What is preseptal cellulitis?
An infection of periorbital tissues (eyelid) superficial to the orbital septum
