Eyes Flashcards

1
Q

Pt with vision that is not affected, acute redness, and lacrimation, gritty burning, absent to mild pain, the eye blanches with phenylephrine. What does this describe?

A

episcleritis

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2
Q

What treatment is recommended for episcleritis?

A

eye lubricants
NSAIDs
corticosteroids

Start topical then go to oral

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3
Q

Scleritis is or is not sight-threatening?

A

is sight-threatening

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4
Q

Hx of rheumatoid arthritis, and severe boring eye pain, and erythema, what’s the most likely dx?

A

Scleritis

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5
Q

Violaceous Hue (blueish hue) in the sclera is specific to ?

A

Scleritis

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6
Q

You come across an eye disorder that does not blanch with phenylephrine what would you consider

A

scleritis

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7
Q

What is uveitis?

A

intraocular inflammation

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8
Q

What type of uveitis is most common?

A

anterior 60-90%

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9
Q

Hypopyon is?

A

pus in the anterior chamber of the eye

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10
Q

What causes cataracts?

A

The lens becomes cloudy or darkened (with proteins)

Aging, disease, UV rays, smoking, medications

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11
Q

what is the biggest risk factor for cataracts?

A

age

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12
Q

Why is age a big factor in cataracts?

A

the eye cannot shed cells and this causes the buildup of proteins over time that lead to opacities

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13
Q

What are some external risk factors for developing cataracts?

A

UV light/radiation
Cigarettes
long term corticosteroids
DM

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14
Q

What is the tx for cataracts? when do you tx?

A

surgery

Phacoemulsification, when it affects ADLs

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15
Q

What is significant about Leukocoria in children?

A

malignant neoplasm of the retina found in retinoblastoma

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16
Q

How does glaucoma occur?

A

if the drainage of aqueous humor is slower than the production; it causes a buildup of pressure that transmits to the macula

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17
Q

What causes acute angel-closure glaucoma?

A

narrowing or closure of the anterior chamber

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18
Q

a 70-year-old Asian American woman who comes out of a dark theatre develops sudden severe acute pain, what would you suspect?

A

angle-closure glaucoma

19
Q

What form of glaucoma is precipitated by mydriasis = dilation of the pupil?

A

angle-closure glaucoma

20
Q

What clinical finding on the exam would you see in glaucoma?

A

cupping of the optic disc

21
Q

What is rhegmatogenous retina detachment?

A

detachment due to a tear

22
Q

What clinical findings would you see with retinal detachment?

A

flashes and floaters

23
Q

Clinical findings would be present for vitreous hemorrhage?

A

sudden vision loss
floaters
no pain or redness
bleeding inside eye

24
Q

Where does vision loss occur in macular degeneration? Is it reversible?

A

loss of central vision loss, no

25
Maculopathy can be inferred from what clinical finding on PE?
retinal drusen bodies
26
What are drusen bodies?
they are small, discrete spots that are slightly more yellow than the retina and most commonly a consequence of aging and may be a precursor to macular degeneration. *use Amsler grid to determine macular degeneration
27
What is hordeolum?
acute inflammatory infectious process affecting sebaceous glands of eyelid-cause by Saph aureus
28
What is the most common pathogen that causes a style hordeolum?
staph aureus
29
What is the clinical presentation of hordeolum?
red, swollen tender looks like a small pustule
30
What is a chalazion?
Cyst due to blockage of the meibomian gland. Treat with warm compress to the eye.
31
What is blepharitis?
inversion of the eyelid due to degeneration of the fascia eyelashes are touching the eye
32
What are the clinical findings of entropian?
eye discomfort xs tearing-blocked lacrimal duct redness vision in
33
What is dacryocystitis?
inflammation of the lacrimal sac due to partial obstruction of the nasolacrimal system
34
What is a dacryocystocele?
Mucocele that forms in the lacrimal sac due to congenital NLD obstruction. Presents as a bluish-gray mass in the inferomedial to the medial canthus. Initially sterile but can become infected.
35
What is typically a cause of viral conjunctivitis?
adenovirus
36
a conjunctivitis pt has serous watery dc what type would you suspect?
viral
37
a conjunctivitis pt has purulent dc what type would you suspect?
bacterial
38
Profuse purulent discharge, of the eye, should have what high your differential?
gonorrhea
39
You observe cobblestone papillae when examining the eyelid of a pt, other clinical signs are pruritic, and redness. what is it?
allergic conjunctivitis
40
What is keratoconjunctivitis sicca?
dry eyes
41
a patient presents with a yellow elevated nodule on the eye
pinguecula
42
A pt lives in an Arizona dry desert area presents with fleshy triangular encroachment of colored part of the eye what does he have?
pterygium
43
What is preseptal cellulitis?
An infection of periorbital tissues (eyelid) superficial to the orbital septum