Eyes

Question 1

Pt with vision that is not affected, acute redness, and lacrimation, gritty burning, absent to mild pain, the eye blanches with phenylephrine. What does this describe?

Answer 1

episcleritis

Question 2

What treatment is recommended for episcleritis?

Answer 2

eye lubricants
NSAIDs
corticosteroids

Start topical then go to oral

Question 3

Scleritis is or is not sight-threatening?

Answer 3

is sight-threatening

Question 4

Hx of rheumatoid arthritis, and severe boring eye pain, and erythema, what’s the most likely dx?

Answer 4

Scleritis

Question 5

Violaceous Hue (blueish hue) in the sclera is specific to ?

Answer 5

Scleritis

Question 6

You come across an eye disorder that does not blanch with phenylephrine what would you consider

Answer 6

scleritis

Question 7

What is uveitis?

Answer 7

intraocular inflammation

Question 8

What type of uveitis is most common?

Answer 8

anterior 60-90%

Question 9

Hypopyon is?

Answer 9

pus in the anterior chamber of the eye

Question 10

What causes cataracts?

Answer 10

The lens becomes cloudy or darkened (with proteins)

Aging, disease, UV rays, smoking, medications

Question 11

what is the biggest risk factor for cataracts?

Answer 11

age

Question 12

Why is age a big factor in cataracts?

Answer 12

the eye cannot shed cells and this causes the buildup of proteins over time that lead to opacities

Question 13

What are some external risk factors for developing cataracts?

Answer 13

UV light/radiation
Cigarettes
long term corticosteroids
DM

Question 14

What is the tx for cataracts? when do you tx?

Answer 14

surgery

Phacoemulsification, when it affects ADLs

Question 15

What is significant about Leukocoria in children?

Answer 15

malignant neoplasm of the retina found in retinoblastoma

Question 16

How does glaucoma occur?

Answer 16

if the drainage of aqueous humor is slower than the production; it causes a buildup of pressure that transmits to the macula

Question 17

What causes acute angel-closure glaucoma?

Answer 17

narrowing or closure of the anterior chamber

Question 18

a 70-year-old Asian American woman who comes out of a dark theatre develops sudden severe acute pain, what would you suspect?

Answer 18

angle-closure glaucoma

Question 19

What form of glaucoma is precipitated by mydriasis = dilation of the pupil?

Answer 19

angle-closure glaucoma

Question 20

What clinical finding on the exam would you see in glaucoma?

Answer 20

cupping of the optic disc

Question 21

What is rhegmatogenous retina detachment?

Answer 21

detachment due to a tear

Question 22

What clinical findings would you see with retinal detachment?

Answer 22

flashes and floaters

Question 23

Clinical findings would be present for vitreous hemorrhage?

Answer 23

sudden vision loss
floaters
no pain or redness
bleeding inside eye

Question 24

Where does vision loss occur in macular degeneration? Is it reversible?

Answer 24

loss of central vision loss, no

Question 25

Maculopathy can be inferred from what clinical finding on PE?

Answer 25

retinal drusen bodies

Question 26

What are drusen bodies?

Answer 26

they are small, discrete spots that are slightly more yellow than the retina and most commonly a consequence of aging and may be a precursor to macular degeneration. *use Amsler grid to determine macular degeneration

Question 27

What is hordeolum?

Answer 27

acute inflammatory infectious process affecting sebaceous glands of eyelid-cause by Saph aureus

Question 28

What is the most common pathogen that causes a style hordeolum?

Answer 28

staph aureus

Question 29

What is the clinical presentation of hordeolum?

Answer 29

red, swollen tender

looks like a small pustule

Question 30

What is a chalazion?

Answer 30

Cyst due to blockage of the meibomian gland. Treat with warm compress to the eye.

Question 31

What is blepharitis?

Answer 31

inversion of the eyelid due to degeneration of the fascia

eyelashes are touching the eye

Question 32

What are the clinical findings of entropian?

Answer 32

eye discomfort
xs tearing-blocked lacrimal duct
redness
vision in

Question 33

What is dacryocystitis?

Answer 33

inflammation of the lacrimal sac due to partial obstruction of the nasolacrimal system

Question 34

What is a dacryocystocele?

Answer 34

Mucocele that forms in the lacrimal sac due to congenital NLD obstruction.

Presents as a bluish-gray mass in the inferomedial to the medial canthus.

Initially sterile but can become infected.

Question 35

What is typically a cause of viral conjunctivitis?

Answer 35

adenovirus

Question 36

a conjunctivitis pt has serous watery dc what type would you suspect?

Answer 36

viral

Question 37

a conjunctivitis pt has purulent dc what type would you suspect?

Answer 37

bacterial

Question 38

Profuse purulent discharge, of the eye, should have what high your differential?

Answer 38

gonorrhea

Question 39

You observe cobblestone papillae when examining the eyelid of a pt, other clinical signs are pruritic, and redness. what is it?

Answer 39

allergic conjunctivitis

Question 40

What is keratoconjunctivitis sicca?

Answer 40

dry eyes

Question 41

a patient presents with a yellow elevated nodule on the eye

Answer 41

pinguecula

Question 42

A pt lives in an Arizona dry desert area presents with fleshy triangular encroachment of colored part of the eye what does he have?

Answer 42

pterygium

Question 43

What is preseptal cellulitis?

Answer 43

An infection of periorbital tissues (eyelid) superficial to the orbital septum