Eyelids Flashcards
what glands open up in little openings on the edges of the eyelids?
meibomian glands
what are eyelids lined by?
conjunctiva
what produces lid closure?
contracture of orbicularis oculi muscle
cranial nerve VII
what nerve provides sensation of the eyelids?
ophthalmic and maxillary branches of cranial nerve V
when should eyes open in puppies and kittens?
~2 weeks
what is ophthalmia neonatorum?
infection behind closed eyelids
what does ophthalmia neonatorum look like?
bulging behind closed lids
bead of purulent material at canthus
in whom is eyelid agenesis moderately common?
cats
what is entropion?
inward rolling of upper and/or lower eyelids
what is management of entropion?
surgical
when should you refer a dog with entropion?
upper lid involved
floppy or wrinkly breed
you’re not sure why the dog has entropion
what should you prepare eyes with for surgery?
dilute betadine solution
how does spastic entropion occur?
pain/ulcers lead to blepharospasm which leads to entropion
what is ectropion?
outward rolling/drooping of eyelids
what is lagopththalmos?
inability to close eyes completely
what is nasal fold trichiasis?
prominent nasal fold contacts ocular surface
what is distichia?
lash that exits through the meibomian gland opening rather than through haired lid skin
what is the treatment of choice for distichiasis?
cryoepilation
what is ectopic cilium?
lash emerging from palpebral conjunctiva
what happens in cherry eye?
weak connective tissue in some breeds allows a prolapse
can behavior of a tumor be different in dogs and cats with the same type of tumor?
yes
what is the most common tumor type in dogs?
meibomian adenoma
who often gets feline squamous cell carcinoma?
white/nonpigmented cats
what should you evaluate the interior of the eye for with eyelid lacerations?
hyphema
what is a chalazion?
blockage of duct leading to backup of meibomian secretions
what cells contribute to tear film?
goblet cells
what cranial nerves elevate the upper eyelid?
CN III
sympathetic
CN VII
what does altricial mean?
born with eyelids closed
what is often the agent of ophthalmia neonatorum?
staph
what is eyelid agenesis often associated with?
other ocular defects
cerebellar hypoplasia
is entropion more common in dogs or cats?
dogs
what are common breeds with entropion?
bulldog
shar pei
cockers/spaniels
retrievers
doodless
rottweiler
great dane
saint bernard
newfoundland
what size suture is usually good for eyes?
4-O to 6-O vicryl
what is macropalpebral fissure/euryblepharon?
excess lid length/sagging
what is lagophthalmos?
inability to close eyes completely
should you refer animals for surgery for ectropion/lagophthalmos?
yes
what is canthal trichiasis?
“tight” medial canthus curls in
hairy/fluffy dogs
hair streaming across cornea
what should you not use for distichiasis?
lasers, electrocautery: can damage lids badly
when should you suspect ectopic cilium?
blepharospasm
discharge
nonhealing ulcer dorsal cornea
is cherry eye usually a young dog problem?
yes
get FNA if older to rule out neoplasia
when should you refer for cherry eye?
bulldogs
recurrent prolapses
how can you treat everted cartilage (looks like cherry eye but band of cartilage seen)?
thermoplasty
no longer surgery to remove part of cartilage
when are mast cells benign and malignant in dogs?
benign in conjunctiva
aggressive in eyelids
are meibomian adenomas benign or malignant?
benign behavior but irritating to eye
are cats or dogs less likely to have benign neoplasia in their eyelids?
cats less likely
what can feline squamous cell carcinoma look like?
anything
what is blephatitis/meibomianitis usually a sign of?
meibomian lipid abnormality
