Cornea and Sclera Part II Flashcards
what are the types of corneal ulcers?
superficial
stromal
descemetocoele
perforation
which breeds are predisposed to reflex uveitis?
pug
boston terrier
shih tzu
how long should uncomplicated superficial ulcers take to heal?
a few days
do third eyelid flaps work for ulcers that won’t heal?
no- do not meet standard of care
when should you not try to remove a corneal foreign body yourself?
pet squinting for more than a day
neovascularization present
you can see furrow around it
foreign body is linear/embedded in cornea
how are small defects repaired?
neighboring epithelial cells slide to cover
what do limbal cells do in healing?
divide and migrate centrally to form new epithelial cells
what are the types of corneal ulcers with respect to texture?
indolent
dendritic
melting
what are melting ulcers?
active breakdown of tissue by proteases
what do melting ulcers look like?
opaque white to yellow tissue
loss of normal corneal contour
gooey
when should you refer a corneal ulcer?
perforated
midstromal or deeper
severe malacia
severe reflex uveitis
at risk breeds
failure to heal
significant underlying disease
already missing an eye
what are the five A’s of treating corneal ulcers?
antibiotic
atropine
anticollagenase
artificial tears
analgesia
what bacteria are likely to be in melting ulcers in dogs?
Pseudomonas
beta-hemolytic Strep
are all antibiotics cytotoxic to some extent?
yes
what antibiotics are best in terms of penetration?
fluoroquinolones
when should you add oral clavamox or cefpodoxime?
corneal perforation
significant skin disease
compromised patient with infected ulcer
why do we give mydriatics/atropine with ulcers?
relieve ciliary spasm
prevent synechiae
what do melting or nonhealing ulcers often need?
surgical management
when is serum indicated?
melting
what are the positives of hyaluronic acid?
excellent retention
may promote corneal health
which species should you never do a grid keratotomy in?
cat
which animals are predisposed to indolent ulceers?
older dogs
certain breeds
chronic mechanical trauma
endothelial degeneration/dystrophy
what are the goals of surgery for ulcers that won’t heal?
tectonic support
blood supply to area
