Equine Flashcards
what type of fundus do equines have?
paurangiotic
whqt is performed in neurophthalmic exam?
palpebral reflex
PLR
dazzle reflex
menace
what can you motor block for an exam?
auriculopalpebral nerve
palpebral nerve
what is normal tonometry?
15-30 mmHg
what are common indications of nasolacrimal duct flush?
jones test negative and epiphora without other causes
purulent or hemorrhagic punctal discharge
what is usually the type of nasolacrimal atresia?
imperforate punctum
nasal > eyelid
what carries a poorer prognosis with orbital fractures?
epistaxis
what parasites can affect the eyelids of horses?
Habronema spp: summer sores
Demodex
what is the most common neoplasm of the eye and adnexa?
squamous cell carcinoma
what are risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma?
UV exposure
lack of pigmentation
age
genetics
what type of tumor are periocular sarcoids?
fibroblastic tumor
what are signs of CN VII paralysis?
decreased palpebral, ptosis
KCS
corneal ulceration
what is treatment for a simple ulcer?
antibiotic ointment TID
atropine
oral pain management
eye protection
what does atropine help with for uveitis?
mydriasis
cyclplegia
stabilizes blood-aqueous barrier
what are common indications for subpalpebral lavage?
complicated ulcers
stromal abscesses
uveitis
post-op
what medications can penetrate an intact epithelium?
fluoroquinolones
voriconazole
itraconazole + DMSO
miconazole
when does a corneal laceration carry a poorer prognosis?
> 15mm long
significant hyphema
crosses limbus into sclera
how is immune-mediated keratitis treated?
topical immunosuppressives
where can hemangiosarcoma be?
lateral limbus or third eyelid
is immune-mediated uveitis usually unilateral or bilateral?
bilateral
what is surgical management of equine recurrent uveitis?
suprachoroidal cyclosporine implant
what can you use for chemical restraint in equines?
xylazine
detomidine and butorphanol
acepromazine
what block can you use to sensory block the upper eyelid?
supraorbital/frontal block
what affects tonometry?
sedation
palpebral block
head height
what would cause an acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction?
dacryocystitis
foreign bodies
sinonasal disease
why might you perform a retrobulbar block?
enucleation
third eyelid removal
corneal surgeries
what are acute signs of blunt ocular trauma?
corneal edema
corneal ulcer
hyphema
fibrin in anterior chamber
corpora nigra avulsion
lens luxation
retinal detachment
when might entropion be seen in an equid?
maladjusted foals
poor lid laceration repair
where might Habronema spp be seen?
wounds
mucocutaneous junctions
where can squamous cell carcinoma be?
third eyelid
limbus: conjunctiva, cornea
eyelids
orbital extension
what genetic mutation predisposes to squamous cell carcinoma?
DDB2 mutation
haflinger, belgian
what does biopsy-induced trauma cause with periocular sarcoids?
proliferation
which horses are predisposed to eyelid melanoma?
grey, white horses
what sign is common in equids with horners?
ptosis
how long does a simple corneal ulcer usually take to heal?
one week
what bacteria commonly grow from a corneal culture?
Pseudomonas
Streptococcus
Staphylococcus
what fungi commonly grow from a corneal culture?
Aspergillus
Fusarium
what is typical treatment for a complicateed ulcer?
topical antibiotics q1-2hr
topical antifungals q4-6hr
serum q1-2hr
atropine q8-12hr to effect
pain medications/anti-inflammatories
what are the challenges of medicating?
learned aversion
strong orbicularis oculi
avoid damaging fragile eye
cases where ointments contraindicated
what are risk factors for fungal keratitis?
topical steroids or antibiotics
what is immune-mediated keratitis usually like?
non-ulcerated and non-painful
what do you need to do if you see uveitis?
rule out corneal disease first
which breeds commonly get equine recurrent uveitis?
appaloosa
warmbloods
drafts
what percentage cases of equine recurrent uveitis go blind?
47%
