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opthalmology > eyelid disorders > Flashcards

eyelid disorders Flashcards

1
Q

what is blepharitis?

A

inflammation of eyelid margins

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2
Q

what are features of blepharitis?

A

gritty and itch, dry sensation
crusted eyelids
redness around
can be greasy around

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3
Q

what is the pathology of blepharitis?

A

associated to dysfunction of meibomian glands - they are responsible for secreting meibum (oil) onto surface of eye

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4
Q

what can blepharitis lead to?

A

styes and chalazions

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5
Q

what is a stye?

A

aka hordeolum externum
infection of glands of zeis or glands of moll

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6
Q

what are the glands of moll

A

sweat glands at base of eyelashes

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7
Q

what are glands of zeis?

A

sebaceous glands at base of eyelashes

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8
Q

how does a stye present?

A

tender red lump along eyelid
may contain pus

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9
Q

what is hordeolum internum?

A

infection of meibomian glands
deeper and tend to be more painful then normal styes
point inward towards eyeball

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10
Q

how do you manage blepharitis?

A

warm compress and gentle cleaning to remove debris

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11
Q

how are styes managed?

A

hot compress and analgesia
topical antibiotics - chloramphenicol may be considered if associated with conjunctivitis

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12
Q

what is a chalazion?

A

meibomian gland becomes blocked and swells - meibomina cyst

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13
Q

how does chalazion present?

A

swelling of eyelid not usually tender but can be red and tender

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14
Q

how do you manage chalazion?

A

warm compresses and gentle massage towards eyelashes - encourage drainage
rarely - surgical drainage

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15
Q

what is entropion?

A

eyelid turns inwards with lashes towards eyeball

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16
Q

what can entropion cause?

A

pain
corneal damage and ulceration

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17
Q

how do you manage entropion?

A

taping eyelid down to prevent turning inward
definite - surgical
lubricating eye drops - to prevent dryness when taped down

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18
Q

what is ectropion?

A

eyelid turned outwards
usually bottom lid - can see more red

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19
Q

what can ectropion result in?

A

exposure keratopathy - eyeball is exposed and not adequately lubricated and protected

20
Q

how do you manage ectropion?

A

mild - nothing
regular eye lubricating drops
significant - surgery

21
Q

what is trichiaisis?

A

inward growth of eyelashes

22
Q

what does trichiasis present as?

A

pain
corneal damage and ulceration

23
Q

how do you manage trichiasis?

A

removing affected lashes
recurrent - electrolysis, cryotherapy or laser treatment

24
Q

what is periorbital cellulitis?

A

eyelid and skin infection

25
Q

how does periorbital cellulitis present?

A

swollen red hot skin around eyelid and eye

26
Q

how should periorbital cellulitis be differentiated to orbital?

A

orbital - sight and life threatening
need urgent ophthalmology referral
CT can distinguish

27
Q

how do you manage periorbital cellulitis?

A

oral flucloxacillin
IV if systemically unwell

28
Q

what is orbital cellulitis?

A

infection around eyeball involving tissues behind - orbital septum

29
Q

what are the symptoms of orbital cellulitis?

A

pain within eye movement
reduced eye movement
vision changes
ABnormal pupil reactions
proptosis

30
Q

what is proptosis?

A

eyes bulging forward - seen in graves

31
Q

how is orbital cellulitis managed?

A

emergency admission under opthalamology
IV co - amox
may need vancomycin
may need surgical drainage

32
Q

what is conjuctivitis?

A

inflammation of conjucntiva

33
Q

what is the aetiology of conjuctivitis?

A

bacterial, viral, allergic
unilateral or bilateral

34
Q

how might conjunctivitis present?

A

red, blood shot eye
itchy, gritty sensation
discharge
NO pain, photophobia, reduced visual acuity

35
Q

can discharge from eye from conjuctivitis affect vision?

A

might make blurry
once cleared - sight restored
if not restored – different differential

36
Q

how does bacterial conjunctivitis present?

A

purulent discharge
worse in morning
eyes may be stuck together
usually starts in one and spreads to other
highly contagious

37
Q

how does viral conjunctivitis present?

A

common and usually presents with clear discharge
general viral symptoms - dry cough, sore throat etc
may have peri-auricular lymph nodes - in front of ears
contagious

38
Q

how is conservatively conjunctivitis managed?

A

usually resolves in 1-2weeks without needing treatment
hygiene - avoid towel sharing, clean eyes with cooled boiled water

39
Q

if necessary, how may you treat bacterial conjuctivitis?

A

chloramphenicol or fusisidic acid eye drops

40
Q

how should neonates with conjunctivitis be managed?

A

urgent opthalamolgy
may be caused by gonoccocal infection - serious complications

41
Q

what is allergic conjuctivitis?

A

conjuctivitis caused by contact to allergens

42
Q

how does allergic conjuctivitis present?

A

swelling of conjuctival sac and eyelid
itching
watery discharge

43
Q

how can you manage allergic conjuctivitis?

A

antihistamines - oral/ topical
topical mast cell stabilisers

44
Q

give an example of a mast cell stabiliser?

A

sodium cromoglicate

45
Q

what is the MOA of topical mast cell stabilisers?

A

prevent mast cells from releasing histamines

46
Q
A

opthalmology (12 decks)

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