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RUSVM Microanatomy 1 > Eyeball > Flashcards

Eyeball Flashcards

1
Q

The eyeball is located in the bony socket called the ________

A

Orbit

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2
Q

The ADNEXA (accessory ocular structures of the eye) are

A

Palpebrae (eyelid)
Third eyelid and conjunctiva
Lacrimal apparatus

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3
Q

What are the tunics of the eye

A

Fibrous
Vascular
Retinal

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4
Q

The fibrous tunic is made of of what three things?

A

Sclera
Cornea
Limbus (corneoscleral junction)

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5
Q

What is the sclera

A

Posterior portion of the eye

White opaque layer of dense irregular CT

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6
Q

What is the function of the sclera

A

Protect
Maintain shape
Insertion point for extraocular muscle s

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7
Q

What is the cornea?

A

Anterior portion of the eye

Avascular and transparent convex-concave lens

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8
Q

What are the 5 layers of the cornea??

A

1 Anterior corneal epithelium (stratified squamous)
2 Anterior limiting lamina/ subepithelial basement membrane (parallel collagen fibers)
3 substantia propria -corneal stroma
4 posterior limiting lamina- Descemets membrane
5 posterior epithelium of cornea

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9
Q

What factors contribute to corneal transparency

A

Avascular
Collagen arrangement
Proteoglycans between collagen
Na+ pumps to transport water out

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10
Q

What is the limbus?

A

Corneoscleral junction

Where the opaque sclera overlaps the transparent cornea

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11
Q

The vascular tunic of the eye is composed of?

A

Iris
Iridocorneal angle
Ciliary body
Choroid

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12
Q

The stroma of the iris is made of of what?

A

Pigmented loose connective tissue and Iridial melanin

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13
Q

The posterior epithelium of the iris contains ___________________ in equids and ruminants

A

Iridic granules (corpora nigra)

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14
Q

The ______________ lies at the convergence of the corneoscleral junction and ciliary body

A

Iridocorneal angle

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15
Q

The Iridocorneal angle is composed of ? What is its purpose?

A

Pectinate ligaments
Trabecular mesh work
And trabecular veins

This is the draining point for aqueous humor

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16
Q

The anterior expansion of the choroid at the level of the lens is the _________

A

Ciliary body

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17
Q

What is the mechanical function of the ciliary body?

A

Contracts to reduce tension in zonular fibers of the lens

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18
Q

Describe the epithelial surface of the ciliary processes of the ciliary body

A

Non pigmented -ion transporting forming aqueous humor

Pigmented- basement membrane extends to form zonular fibers that suspend the lens

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19
Q

Hwo does the iris transition into the ciliary body?

A

Posterior pigmented epithelium is continuous with the non-pigmented epithelium of the ciliary body

20
Q

Aqueous humor occupies what space?

A

Anterior and posterior chambers

21
Q

What is the drainage pathway for aqueous humor ?

A

Posterior chamber -> pupil -> Anterior chamber -> iridocorneal angle -> pectinate ligaments -> scleral venous plexus

22
Q

What is the choroid?

A

Posterior portion of the vascular tunic

23
Q

The anterior portion of the choroid is continuous with the _____________

A

Ciliary body

24
Q

The dorsal part of the choroid is made of what?

And what is its purpose

A

Tapetum lucidum

Increase light perception under conditions of poor illumination

25
Q

The neuroepithelial/ retinal tunic is made up of which three parts?

A

Sensory/optical part
Non-sensory/ciliary part
Non-sensory/iridal part

26
Q

The sensory/ optical retina is in contact with what layer of the eye?

A

Choroid

27
Q

What holds the retinal tunic in place?

A

Vitreous body

28
Q

What are the layers of the sensory/optical retina?

A 
Optic nerve fibers 
Ganglionic layer 
Inner plexiform layer 
Inner nuclear layer 
Outer plexiform layer 
Cell bodies of rods and cones 
Photoreceptors layer 
Pigment cells
29
Q

What is the pathway of optical nerve impulse travel?

A

Light passes through retina to stimulate the photoreceptors cells (rods and cones)
Impulse passes to bipolar neurons
To ganglion cells
Axons of ganglion cells for nerve fiber layer and converge at optic disk

30
Q

What is the path of light to the retina

A 
Through tear film 
Cornea 
Aqueous humor 
Pupil 
Lens 
Vitreous humor 
First 8 layers of retina 
Rods and cones 
Absorbed by retinal epithelium
31
Q

Retinal pigmented epithelium

A

Outermost layer of retina
Flat polygonal cells resting on a BM
Transport of nutrients and metabolites to the rods and cones

32
Q

Compare rods and cones

A

Rods

  • inner segment long and thin
  • flattened membranous disk with Rhodopsin
  • dim light vision

Cones

  • inner segment has broad base
  • disks with Iodopisn
  • bright light and colour vision
33
Q

Where does retinal detachment occur?

A

Between rods and cones and pigmented retinal epithelium

34
Q

What is the vitreous body made of??

A

Water and hyaluronic acid

Gel cortex with liquid center

35
Q

What is the structure of the lens?

A

Entirely surrounded by capsule - thicker on anterior surface

36
Q

What suspends the lens

A

Zonular fibers

37
Q

The anterior epithelium of the lens is made up of ______________ cells which become elongate at the equator

A

Simple cuboidal

38
Q

The anterior epithelium cells differentiate into?

A

Elongate lens fibers

-prism like cells that lack nuclei and have many gap junctions

39
Q

The eyelid is made up of?

A 
Conjunctiva 
Cilia (eyelashes) 
Tarsal (meibomian) glands 
Third eyelid (nictitating membrane)
Lacrima (tear) apparatus
40
Q

The __________ conjunctiva lines the inner eyelid and the ____________ conjunctiva lines the sclera

A

Palpebral

Bulbar

41
Q

Conjunctiva is a _______________ epithelium

A

Pseudostratified columnar or transitional that becomes squamous at eyelid margin

42
Q

What is the purpose of the third eyelid?

A

Protects eye

Remove foreign material

43
Q

The third eyelid is a fold of the __________ formed by hyaline cartilage (ruminants) and elastic cartilage (dog)

A

Conjunctiva

44
Q

What are located under the conjunctival surface?

A

Lymphatic nodules

45
Q

Lacrimal glands are _________________ acini composed of serectory granular cells

A

Tubuloalveolar seromucinous

46
Q

Tears are produced by which three glands?

A

Meibomian (tarsal) - oily superficial
Lacrimal - sero-mucous (from third eyelid)
Mucous - from goblet cells of conjuring

RUSVM Microanatomy 1 (4 decks)

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