Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

RUSVM Microanatomy 1 > Digestive Tings > Flashcards

Digestive Tings Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the GI system?

A

Prehensile: ingestion followed by fragmentation
Mechanical and enzymatic breakdown of nutrients
Absorption
Synthesis/ secretion
Excretion of waste material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What time of epithelium is present from the lips to the non glandular stomach ?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What type of epithelium is is present in the glandular stomach and intestines?

A

Simple columnar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a distinctive feature of the oral cavity in ruminants?

A

Dental pad - keratinized layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The oral cavity is missing what layer?

A

Submucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The tongue is covered by ___________ epithelium dorsally and ____________ epithelium ventrally

A

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Stratified squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The tongue is mainly made of ??

A

Skeletal muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The oral cavity and tongue both are missing a?

A

Tunica submucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What cells produce enamel?

A

Ameloblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Dentin is made by what type of cells?

A

Odontoblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What anchors the tooth to the gums? What cells make up this ligament?

A

Periodontal ligament

Fibroblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What cells form cementum?

A

Cementoblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where is serosa present along the digestive tract?

A

Continuous with the mesenteric, omentum, and pleura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the tunica submucosa made of? What is its purpose?

A

Loose connective tissue

Facilitate motility of mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the purpose of the tunica muscularis

A

Control lumen size and motility

Contains myenteric plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the difference between tunica serosa and tunica adventitia

A

Serosa = mesothelium and loose CT

Adventitia= loose/dense CT only (up against other structures - no epithelium)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where is adventitia found along the digestive tract?

A

Portions of esophagus where passing through mediastinum, rectum, vagina,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the features of the espohagus?

A 
Stratified squamous epithelium 
May have lamina muscularis mucosae 
Mucous glands in submucosa 
Tunica musclaris -skeletal or smooth muscle 
Tunica adventitia over most of course
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the junction between glandular and non-glandular stomach

A

Margo Plicatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Compare the features of the rumen, reticulum, and omasum.

A

Rumen- low papillae, stratified squamous epithelium
Reticulum- honeycomb mucosa, proventricles are lined by stratified keratinized squamous epithelium
Omasum- long omasal lamina, stratified squamous keratinized epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the distinctive features of the stomach?

A

Mucous producing epithelium

Longitudinal Rugae. :(

Gastric pits = invaginations of lining epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The gastric glands are lined by __________ that dips down into grastric pits

A

Simple columnar epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What cells are prevalent in the cardiac gland region of the stomach

A

Mucous glands and a few parietal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What cells are predominant in the funding region of the stomach?

A

Parietal

Chief cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What cells are predominant in the pyloric region of the stomach

A

Mucous glands

G cells -> produce gastrin

26
Q

Chief cells/ Peptic cells secrete __________.

What is their appearance?

A

Pepsinogen

Basophilic with zymogenic granules, dense basally located nuclei

27
Q

Parietal cells secrete _________. What is their appearance??

A

HCl

Large, round and eosinophilic cytoplasm, centrally located nucleus

28
Q

How do you differentiate small and large intestine?

A

Small - both villi and intestinal glands (crypts of Lieberkuhn)

Large- no villi (smooth surface), only crypts of Leiberkuhn

29
Q

How do you differentiate the different parts of the small intestine?

A

Duodenum- Brunners gland in tunica submucosa

Jejunum - there are no specific structures in connective tissue of submucosa

Ileum - Payers patches in tela submucosa

30
Q

What is a payer patch? What cells are located in them?

A

Aggregations of lymphoid nodules

Bcells in peyers patches

31
Q

What are M fold cells and where are they located?

A

Specialized epithelial cells that phagocytose GI and secrete content on the lymphocytes and macrophages of the peyers patch

Have surface projections

In the ileum … where the peyers patches are.

32
Q

Intestinal epithelium has what types of cells?

A 
Goblet
Enterocytes 
Enteroendocrine 
Paneth cells 
Stem cells 
Intraepithelial lymphocytes
33
Q

What is the function and location of the paneth cells?

A

Base of intestinal crypt

Both secretory and phagocytic functions - produce cryptidin and lysine

34
Q

What is the function and location of eteroedocrine cells?

A

Localized in intestinal crypts

Produce serotonin, glucoinsulotropic peptide, chatecholamines, gastrin, somatostatin, serotonin, cholecystokinin, secretin, bombesin, enteroglucagon.. ect

35
Q

What are the three different glandular regions of the anus?

A

Anal glands
Anal sac glands
Circumanal glands

36
Q

The rectum ends in the anal canal that is lined by ____________________ epithelium

A

Stratified squamous

Keratinized by muco-cutaneous junction

37
Q

Anal glands

A

Tubuloacinar (present in pigs and dogs)

In the submucosa of the anal canal

38
Q

Location of anal sacs

A

Lined by keratinized, stratified squamous epithelium

Between the inner smooth muscle of internal anal sphincter and outer skeletal muscle of external anal sphincter

39
Q

What type of glands are anal sacs?

A

Apocrine tubular (dog)

Apocrine tubular and sebaceous (cat)

40
Q

Circumanal gland are located where? And what is their appearance?

A

Located in subcutis around anus in dogs

Subdeacons in upper portions and non-sebaceous in lower portion (resemble hepatocytes -> hepatoid glands )

41
Q

What are the types of salivary glands?

A

Serous, mucous, and mixed

42
Q

Salivary acini empty into __________ ducts, which will empty into __________ ducts

A

Intercalated

Striated

43
Q

Liver has a dual blood supply from the _______ and ____________

A

Portal vein and hepatic artery

44
Q

The liver is covered by mesothelium over a CT layer, this is known as _________

A

Glisson capsule

45
Q

What are transported to the liver via lymph vessels ?

A

Chylomicrons

46
Q

What is the exocrine function of the liver?

A

Bile (for lipid digestion)

47
Q

What is the space between the sinusoid capillary endothelium and the hepatocyte

A

Space of Disse

48
Q

Two grooves in neighboring hepatocytes, connected by tight junctions for the _________________________

A

Bile canaliculi

49
Q

Macrophage cells of the liver are called?

A

Kupffer cells

50
Q

What is the structure and function of a hepatocyte?

A

Usually described as a hexagonal shape

Storage of metabolites/ storage of energy
-lipids and carbohydrates are stored in the liver in the form of triglycerides and glycogen

51
Q

The flow of blood and bile in the hepatic lobule

A

Blood flows from the portal area to the central vein through sinusoids

Bile flows form hepatic lobule to bile ductule in bile canaliculi

52
Q

What is area on the edge of the hepatic lobule that contains a branch of the hepatic artery, portal vein, and bile ductule?

A

Portal triad (aka portobiliary space)

53
Q

The classical liver lobule is _______ in shape with blood flowing toward the __________

A

Polyhedral/hexagonal

Central vein

54
Q

A portal lobule is _______ in shape and is representative of the flow of _________ to the ________

A

Triangular in shape

Bile toward the the triad

55
Q

A hepatic acinus refers to the ___________ flow between lobules

A

Vascular flow

Flow begins at triad toward central veins via sinusoidal capillaries (diamond shaped)

56
Q

What are the zones of the hepatic acinus and how do they relate to nutrient distribution and injury

A

Zone 1 - (perilobular) high O2, nutrients, and pathogen exposure

Zone 2 - moderate O2, nutrients, and pathogen exposure

Zone 3- (centrilobular) low O2, nutrient, and pathogen exposure

57
Q

Gall bladder .. tell me all the things

A

Accepts bile from cystic duct for storage

Many mucosal folds
Simple columnar epithelium has microvilli, tight junctions, mitochondria, and secretory vesicles

No muscularis mucosae

Tunica serosa around it

58
Q

Pancreas have ____________ units that drain into ________ ducts lined by cuboidal cells

A

Tubuloacinar

Intercalated

59
Q

Pancreas resembles a salivary gland, but differs by?

A

No striated ducts

Has endocrine pancreastic islets of Langerhans

60
Q

The exocrine cells of the pancreas are ______ acinus with ________granules

A

Serous

Zymogen

RUSVM Microanatomy 1 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions