Eye (Rubin's Audio Q's and review session material) Flashcards
eyelid inflammation, often presents with bilateral itching, redness, scleral injection: Diagnosis?
What is specific to this diagnosis?
Blepharitis
Specific findings: scales and debris at base of eyelashes (using slit lamp)
Granulomatous inflammation of meibomian glands or glands of Zeis
Chalazion
Yellow plaque of lipid filled macrophages (foamy histiocytes) on nasal aspect of eye
*see this with dislipidemias
Xanthelasma
what thyroid condition is assoc. with exopthalmous?
Graves Disease-induces swelling of extraocular muscles
- most common infectious cause of blindness
- fibrosing conjunctivitis
- passed on by overcrowding and poor hygiene
trachoma (chlamydia trachomatis)
- Yellow conjunctival lump
- usually nasal to Corneoscleral limbus
- caused by sun damage
Pinguecula (most common conjunctival lump)
- fold of vascularized conjunctiva that grows horizontally into the cornea
- insect wing shape
- from sun damage
- benign until it begins to obstruct vision
Pterygium
- opacification of crystalline lens
- common cause of blindness is
- associated with riboflavin or Trp deficiency, glaucoma, scleroderma, retinitis pigmentosa, congenital rubella, and atopic dermatitis
cataract
opaque horizontal band across the superficial central cornea
band keratopathy
impairment in vision associated with aging in which the near point of distant vision becomes located farther from the eye?
presbyopia
unilateral blurred vision with small retinal emboli
amorosis bugax
retinal cotton wool spots are associated with what cardiovascular condition?
Hypertension
night blindness + constriction of peripheral visual fields + loss of retinal photoreceptors + pigment accumulation in retina =
retinitis pigmentosa
most common cause of reduced vision in US
macular degeneration
what is the cause of retinopathy of prematurity
Oxygen toxicity
macular lesion associated with lysosomal storage diseases
cherry red spot
optic neuropathy with excavation of optic nerve head and progressive loss of visual field sensitivity
glaucoma
what type of glaucoma features shallow anterior chamber with abnormally narrow angle?
closed angle glaucoma
which refractive ocular abnormality focuses light in front of the retina because of an abnormal longer AP diameter of eye?
myopia
malignant tumor originating from melanocytes or nevi in the uvea?
malignant melanoma
- tumor originating from immature neurons of retina
- most common intraocular malignancy of childhood
- chalky, white, calicified flecks within yellow necrotic zones
- leukocoria
retinoblastoma
most common tumor of orbit
metastatic tumor
Mrs. Johnson, a 75 year old patient, complains of blurry vision that has been progressively getting worse. Her problem is bilateral. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Cataract
- flame hemorrhages
- cotton wool spots
- silver wiring (referring to sclerotic vessels)
- A-V Nicking
hypertensive retinopathy
- entire fundus looks ischemic
- prominent intracellular edema
- central pallor
- CHERRY RED SPOT of fovea (from intact choroidal circulation)
- risk factors for arteriosclerosis; especially carotid artery problems
retinal artery occlusion
- Diffuse flame shaped hemorrhages (blood and thunder)
- Edema of optic nerve head and retina
- NO cotton wool spots
retinal vein occlusion
Define uvea
iris + ciliary body + choroid
- dot and blot hemorrhages
- waxy exudates
- proliferative-macula swells w/ fluid
diabetic retinopathy (hemorrhages in deep retina)
How do you differentiate between Hordeolum and Chalazion?
Hordeolum (stye): acute, painful, self-limited
Chalazion: chronic, painless, recurent, obstruction of meibomian or Zeis glands, lipogranulomatous rxn
- dot and blot hemorrhages
- waxy exudates
- proliferative-macula swells w/ fluid
- Most sx accounted for by retinal ischemia
diabetic retinopathy (hemorrhages in deep retina)
What type of glaucoma is more common, presents with NO pain, increased IOP and is caused by a blockage distal to the canal of Schlemm?
open angle glaucoma
posterior synechiae
adhesion of iris and lens
Unilateral protrusion of eyeball
proptosis
peripheral anterior synechiae
adhesion of iris and anterior chamber angle
-Painful, acute inflammatory lesion of eyelid
Hordeolum
- blood vessels and lymphocytes invade upper part of cornea
- glycogen rich inclusion bodies and leber cells
Trachomatus pannus
- asymptomatic plaques of infected epithelial cells
- unilateral follicular conjunctivitis
- may be associated with lymphadenopathy, cold sores and fever
Herpes Simplex Virus 1
- White arc due to lipid deposition in peripheral cornea
- reflects abnormal lipid metabolism
Arcus Lipoides
- Increased AP diameter
- nearsightedness
myopia
- Farsightedness
- Failure of accommodation from aging
Presbyopia
- Autoimmune Uveitis
- response to injury in contralateral eye
- Granulomatous inflammation after a latent period
Sympathetic Opthalmitis
Hemorrhage in nerve fiber layer
flame shaped
Hemorrhage in deep retina
round
- HTN
- Diabetes Mellitus
- Central retinal vein occlusion
- bleeding diasthesis
- trauma
- shaken baby syndrom
causes of retinal hemorrhage
Diabetic Retinopathy
Glaucoma
Age Related Maculopathy
Leading cause of irreversible blindness
- snowflake cataracts
- increased sorbitol
diabetic cataracts
- Blindness in elderly
- central scotoma
Macular Degeneration
Drussen accumulated in this type of macular degeneration
Dry
New vessels are stimulated to form by VEGF in this type of macular degeneration
Wet
most important cause of papilledema (optic nerve head edema)
Increased intracranial pressure
- end stage eye caused by trauma or inflammation
- enucleated, small and hard from ossification
- intraocular bone formation
Phthisis Bulbi
