Eye Lecture 1 Flashcards
Topical drug dellivery - eye drop considerations
limited volume capacity
- tear volume = ___ - ___ microliters
- volume delivered by eyedropppers = ___ - ___ microliters
Built in defense mechanisms
- sudden increase in tear volume - rapid blinking reflex
- corneal proteaction barrier
Residence time
- drug reside in the conjunctiva for about ___ - ___ min
Topical drug dellivery - eye ointment considerations
drug depot
- serves as a drug depot in the conjunctival sac resulting in enhances/sustained absorption
Blurry vision
- blurred vision is often reported after administration and can last up to ___ min
chanllenging to apply
- difficult to apply exact dose. Directions often say to apply in inches
Eye drop administration
- wash hands and remove contacts if applicable
- while tiliting your head back, pull down the lower lid of you eye to form pocket
- hold the dropper with the other hand, as close to the eye as possible without touching
- squeeze the dropper so that a single drop falls into the pocket
- remove index finger from the lower eyelid. Close your eyes for 2-3 minutes and tip your head down towards the floor
- place finger onf the tear duct and apply gentle pressure
1) wash hands and remove contacts if applicable
2) holding the tube between your thumb and forfinger, place it as neat to your eyelid as possible without touching
3) while tilting your head back, pull down the lower lid of your eye with your index finger tp form a pocket
4) squeeze ribbon of ointment or gel into pocket
5) remove index finger from lower eyelid. Blink gently then close your eye for 1-2 minutes
6) wipe and excess ointment from the eyelids/lashes. Wipe tip of tube clean.
Bacterial Conjunctivitis - Presentation
- redness, yellow, white, or green discharge
- eye is stuck shut in the morning
- typically unilateral
- highly contagious
Bscterial conjuctivitis - Treatment
Non-PCOL
avoid sharing towels, cosmetics, linnens
remove contact lenses - do not resume wearing until eye is white and there is no discharge for 24 hours after antibiots
PCOL
- often self limiting in most cases; topical antibiotics may shorten the clinical course
- antibiotic treatment required in contact wearers
- ointment preferred over drops in children/risk of poor compliance
Bacterial Conjunctivitis - Antibiotics
erythromycin 5 mg/g oint
- dose: 0.5 inch strip, QID
moxi
oflo
trim
Viral Conjunctivitis
Presentation
- watery eyes
- buringin, sandy, gritty feeling in eyes
- pus is morning crusting followed by watery discharge throuhgout the day
- other eye often involved within 24-48 hours
- part of viral upper respiratory infection
- highly contagious
common cause:
- adenovirus
Viral Conjunctivitis - Treatment
Non-PCOL
Symptomatic Relief Only
- warm or cool compress
- topical decongestant - limit duration of use to avoid rebound congestion
Viral conjunctivitis - Decongestants (OTC)
naphazoline 0.012-0.2% solution
Viral conjunctivitis - Decongestants (OTC)
tetrahydrozoline 0.05% solution
Allergic Conjunctivitis - presentation
- redness, watery discharge, itching
- may have morning crusting
- both eyes often involved
- accompanied by other allergic symptoms; nasal congestion, sneezing, wheezing
- eye rubbing can make symptoms worse
Common causes:
- airborne allergens
