Eye-Internal Conditions

Question 1

Which part of the eye does most of the refraction of incoming light?

Answer 1

Cornea

Question 2

The ___ fine-tunes the focus of incoming light

Answer 2

Lens

Question 3

____ is usually due to the eyeball being too long from front to back

Answer 3

Myopia (nearsightedness)

Question 4

Common surgical treatments for refractive problems (3):

Answer 4

LASIK, PRK, RK

Question 5

____ is a short-term corneal re-shaping by contacts worn at night

Answer 5

Ortho-Keratology (Ortho-K)

Question 6

A surgical treatment where a tiny knife makes multiple cuts into cornea, like spokes of a wheel

Answer 6

Radial Keratotomy (RK)

Question 7

___ uses a laser beam to reshape the curve of the cornea, most often by removing a layer to flatten it

Answer 7

Photorefractive Keratectomy (PRK)

Question 8

Cornea is sliced from the side, a laser beam reshapes the tissue of the inner layer of the cornea, then outer cornea layer is placed back on top.

Answer 8

LASIK

Question 9

The optic disc of each eye is towards the medial or lateral side of the retina?

Answer 9

Medial

Question 10

Normal cup:disc ratio?

Answer 10

<1:2 (or

Question 11

A big physiologic cup is a possible sign of increased pressure, such as in ____

Answer 11

Glaucoma

Question 12

Is the presence of a crescent at 12-3 o’clock on the optic disc normal or abnormal?

Answer 12

Normal

Question 13

The non-presence of an optic disc due to swelling around the optic nerve is caused by _____

Answer 13

Papilledema

Question 14

Gradual clouding of the normally transparent lens, usually due to aging.

Answer 14

Cataracts

Question 15

The only effective cure for cataracts?

Answer 15

Surgical extraction (lens is removed and replaced with plastic lens implant)

Question 16

Deterioration of the blood vessels of the retina in people with diabetes mellitus

Answer 16

Diabetic retinopathy

Question 17

The ___ form of diabetic retinopathy is when blood vessels narrow/become blocked leading to reduction in blood flow and oxygen to retina, and tiny yellow exudates form on the retina

Answer 17

Non-proliferative

Question 18

In the ___ form of diabetic retinopathy, fragile new vessels form and grow over retina, blood leaks into vitreous humor, and scar tissue may pull on retina leading to increased risk of retinal detachment

Answer 18

Proliferative

Question 19

Partial or complete loss of vision in ONE eye caused by conditions that affect normal vision development

Answer 19

Amblyopia

Question 20

“Crossed eyes” due to weaker muscle in one eye. Aka “lazy eye”

Answer 20

Strabismus

Question 21

____ occurs when the eyes have unequal refractive power (20/20, 20/40 for example)

Answer 21

Anisometropia

Question 22

The most common cause of monocular blindness (impaired vision in one eye)

Answer 22

Amblyopia

Question 23

Is papilledema usually unilateral or bilateral?

Answer 23

Bilateral

Question 24

A light colored ring seen at the periphery of the cornea, due to lipid infiltration. Normal in older adults

Answer 24

Corneal arcus (arcus senilis)

Question 25

Unequal pupil size

Answer 25

Anisocoria

Question 26

2nd most common cause of blindness in the US. Caused by increased internal eye pressure due to blocked outflow of aqueous humor

Answer 26

Glaucoma

Question 27

Chronic glaucoma is known as ____, while acute is known as ____

Answer 27

Open angle, closed angle