Eye Exam Flashcards by Matt Stanton

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visual acuity**

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need to document what?

visual acuity**

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sudden loss of vision

retinal detachment
vitreous hemorrhage
central retinal artery occlusion
CVA
trauma

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gradual loss of vision

aging
cataracts
glaucoma
HIV
autoimmune
diabetes
macular degeneration
neoplasm
pseudotumor cerebri

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hyperopia

farsightedness

difficulty seeing near objects

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myopia

nearsightedness

difficulty seeing distant objects

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presybopia

aging vision

-progressive difficulty seeing near objects

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diplopia

double vision

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heterophoria

failure of visual axis to remain parallel

-good eye reflects light on retina

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esophoria

one eye deviates inward

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exophoria

one eye deviates outward

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cover test

to evaluate heterophoria

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sclera

covered by conjuctiva

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cantus

medial and lateral

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limbus

border from iris to sclera

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lacrimal apparatus

gland superior and lateral
duct medial
-puncta to canaliculi to duct

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optic disk

landmark in eye

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fovea

most sensitive to light

surrounded by macula

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eye exam

visual acuity
color blind
visual field testing
external exam
conjunctiva and sclera
cornea, lens, pupil
extra-ocular movement
-opthalmascope exam

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far vision

snellen chart 20 feet away

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near vision

hand held card - 14 inches

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titmus vision tester

comprehensive eye exam

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20/100 vision

you can see at 20 feet what normal people see at 100 feet

not good

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examination of eye

each eye separatly, then together

-with and without corrective lenses

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20/10 vision

you see at 20 feet what most people see at 10 feet good

right eye

oculus dexter

left eye

oculus sinister

both eyes

oculus uterque

most common form of color blindness

red green

visual field testing

by conformation | bring fingers in from 4 directions

bitemporal hemianopsia

lose both lateral visual fields

quadrantic defects

lose one quarter visual fields

exopthalmos

protrusion of eyes normally, upper and lower lids should touch iris -white above and below - is exopthalmos associated with graves disease

palpebral fissure

canthi to canthi

blepharitis

inflamed eyelids

entropion

eyelid turns inward

ectroprin

eyelids turns outward

chalazion

eyelid cyst

conjuctiva

clear mucus covering eye bulbar - covers anterior eye palpebral - lines eyelids

jaundice

yellowing of eyes - bilirubin increase - sclera turns first

osteogenesis imperfecta

blue sclera problem with calcium metabolism -brittle bones

anisocoria

unequal pupils

pupil evaluation

use oblique lighting - size, shape, symmetry - opacities of lens

PERRLA

pupils equal round reactive to light and accommodation

direct reaction

constriction of same pupil

consensual reaction

constriction of opposite pupil

accommodation

change in pupil and lens for near and far objects

convergence

eye look inward to focus on near object

pupil reaction to light

4x | for both direct and consensual of each eye

nystagmus

fine rhythmic of eyes at extreme lateral gaze

extraocular movements

6 directions of gaze

fundus

optic disc and cup

first landmark

optic disk - more medial - bring it into sharp focus

eye red reflex

red/orange reflection of light from retina when shine light

optic disc

clarity of disc margin color of disc cup ratio - small white depression within the optic disc

sequence of inspection of retina

macula last | -patient will close eyes

blind spot

optic disc

bitemporal heminopsia

possibly a pituitary tumor -pressing on optic chiasm

pinguecula

small nodule on bulbar connjunctiva | -does not cross over to cornea

pterygium

thickening of bulbar conjunctiva that grows across the cornea

sty

infection at margin of eyelid | -no antibiotic

chalazion

nodule of the eyelid

xanthelasma

yellow plaques above below eyelid near nose

ptosis

drooping of upper eyelids

horners syndrome

ptosis, miosis, and anhydrosis | -symathetic

bells palsy

CN VII

graves disease

hyperthyroidism may cause exopthalmos

conjunctivitis

infection or inflammation of conjunctiva discomfort

subconjunctival hemorrhage

blood under conjunctiva | -painless

blood vessels from iris

ocular emergency | pain association

hyphema

blood in anterior trauma | -due to trauma

papilledema

disc swollen with blurred margins - no cup visible - increased ICP

glaucomatous cupping

enlarged cupping

hypertension

A-V nicking

cotton wool patches

infarcted nerve fibers

ocular melanoma

altered pigmentation or retina