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PCM III Exam 2 > CNS Exam > Flashcards

CNS Exam Flashcards

1
Q

CNS

A 
cortex
basal ganglion
brain stem
cerebellum
spinal cord
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2
Q

PNS

A 
cranial nerves
sensory afferents
motor efferents
neuromuscular junction
muscle itself
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3
Q

tested areas?

A 
cortex
basal ganglia
brain stem
cerebellum
cranial nerves
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4
Q

mental status exam

A 
appearance and behavior
mood/affect
speech/language
thoughts/perception
cognitive/executive function
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5
Q

appearance and behavior

A

LOC

posture, motor behavior, hygiene

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6
Q

speech/language

A

articulation, relevance, word finding, rate, fluency

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7
Q

thoughts/perceptions

A

logic,coherence, content, insight, judgement

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8
Q

cognitive/executive function

A

orientation, memory, abstract thinking, performance

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9
Q

lethargic

A

sleepy

tending to fall asleep if not gently stimulated

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10
Q

stuporous

A

falling asleep unless vigorously stimulated

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11
Q

comatose

A

sleep-like state from which the patient cannot be awakened

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12
Q

aphasia

A

disorder in producing or understanding language

spoken or written

may be sign of new neuro disease

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13
Q

parts of language exam

A 
spontaneous speech
naming
comprehension
repetition
reading
writing
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14
Q

paraphasia

A

subtituting similar sounding syllables or words

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15
Q

prosody

A

melody or variable tone of speech

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16
Q

testing for aphasia

A

naming - name objects
comprehension - follow command
repetition - repeat words
read/write - short exercises

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17
Q

anomia

A

loss of ability to name common objects

**most common deficit in true aphasia

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18
Q

wernickes area

A

transforms sensory input to neural word representations to give a word meaning

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19
Q

brocas area

A

transforms thse neural word representations into articulated spoken words

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20
Q

damage to wernickes or brocas

A

aphasia

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21
Q

language

A

left hemisphere

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22
Q

brocas aphasia

A

understanding of spoken language preserved

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23
Q

wernickes aphasia

A

fluent speech that makes no sense

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24
Q

apraxia

A

inability to turn verbal request into motor performance

difficulty with complex yet familiar activities - taking a shower, writing, toothbrush

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25
Q

aspects of thoughts and perception exam

A

process
content
insight
judgment

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26
Q

assessment of cognitive function

A

orientation
attention
memory
executive function

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27
Q

orientation

A

person
place
time - most commonly lost*

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28
Q

memory

A

recent - new information

remote - distant memories

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29
Q

alzheimers

A

lose recent then distant memory

30
Q

testing recent memory

A

repeat words back in 3-5 minutes

pathologic - remember none or only 1 of list of 3

31
Q

testing insight

A

tests dementia
-also disease of frontal lobe

proverbs
situational questions
similarities/differences

32
Q

proverbs

A

look before you leap

33
Q

delirium

A

acute confusion episode

34
Q

dementia

A

slowly progressive

35
Q

evaluating calculations

A

number span - repeat numbers in order
spelling word - forward/backward
months or days backwards
doubling a number

36
Q

constructional ability testing

A

ask to draw something

also tests apraxia

37
Q

mini mental status exam

A

23-30 normal
19-23 borderline
< 19 impaired

38
Q

cerebellum

A

coordinate motor activity
equilibrium
posture

39
Q

cerebellar testing

A 
gait
heel to knee , slide down shin
rhomberg/pronator drift
finger to nose eyes open
rapid alternating movements
40
Q

rhomberg

A

tests ataxia specific to posterior column function

closing eyes removes visual input and ataxia

direction of fall - side of lesion

41
Q

pronator drift

A

arms pronate and drift downward when eyes closed

42
Q

dysmetria

A

vary in speed/force in finger to nose test

43
Q

drunk test

A

finger to nose eyes closed

44
Q

dysdiadochokinesis

A

one movement cannot be abruptly stopped and followed by opposite movement
-slow, irregular, clumsy

45
Q

olfactory nerve testing

A

seldom tested

abnormalities seen with concussion

46
Q

optic nerve testing

A

acuity - eye chart
pupil reflex
visual field exam

47
Q

afferent CN II

A

senses light

48
Q

efferent CN II

A

oculomotor

49
Q

esotropia

A

medial deviation

50
Q

exotropia

A

lateral deviation

51
Q

extraocular movements

A

six cardinal directions

make an “H”

52
Q

trochlear

A

moves eye down and out

53
Q

abducens

A

moves eye laterally

54
Q

strabismus testing

A

cover/uncover eye to check bilateral central focus

55
Q

fourth nerve palsy

A

eye up and in

56
Q

sixth nerve palsy

A

cannot move eye laterally

can be result of increased ICP

57
Q

trigeminal nerve testing

A

sensory - 3 division of face
motor - clench teeth, move jaw side to side
corneal reflex - blink reflex

58
Q

blink reflex

A

CN V senses stimulus
CN VII motor to blink

both eyes should blink together

59
Q

facial nerve exam

A 
muscles of facial expression
taste of anterior tongue
lacrimation
salivation
stapes of middle ear
60
Q

facial nerve

A

can be affected centrally or peripherally

central - mm of lower face
peripheral - upper and lower face

61
Q

cerebral lesion

A

opposite side

upper face unaffected

62
Q

brainstem lesion

A

same side

both lower and upper affected

63
Q

vestibulocochlear nerve exam

A

hearing and balance

64
Q

gag reflex

A

afferent CN IX

efferent CN X

65
Q

CN IX

A

sensory to soft palate

66
Q

CN X

A

helps to raise palate

67
Q

glossopharyngeal

A

taste on posterior 1/3 of tongue

68
Q

spinal accessory exam

A

patient shrug shoulders

69
Q

hypoglossal nerve exam

A

motor to only tongue

stick out tongue

70
Q

screening neuro exam

A 
mental status
cranial nerves
motor
sensory
reflexes

PCM III Exam 2 (8 decks)

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