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PCM III Exam 2 > CNS Exam > Flashcards

CNS Exam Flashcards

1
Q

CNS

A 
cortex
basal ganglion
brain stem
cerebellum
spinal cord
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2
Q

PNS

A 
cranial nerves
sensory afferents
motor efferents
neuromuscular junction
muscle itself
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3
Q

tested areas?

A 
cortex
basal ganglia
brain stem
cerebellum
cranial nerves
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4
Q

mental status exam

A 
appearance and behavior
mood/affect
speech/language
thoughts/perception
cognitive/executive function
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5
Q

appearance and behavior

A

LOC

posture, motor behavior, hygiene

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6
Q

speech/language

A

articulation, relevance, word finding, rate, fluency

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7
Q

thoughts/perceptions

A

logic,coherence, content, insight, judgement

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8
Q

cognitive/executive function

A

orientation, memory, abstract thinking, performance

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9
Q

lethargic

A

sleepy

tending to fall asleep if not gently stimulated

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10
Q

stuporous

A

falling asleep unless vigorously stimulated

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11
Q

comatose

A

sleep-like state from which the patient cannot be awakened

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12
Q

aphasia

A

disorder in producing or understanding language

spoken or written

may be sign of new neuro disease

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13
Q

parts of language exam

A 
spontaneous speech
naming
comprehension
repetition
reading
writing
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14
Q

paraphasia

A

subtituting similar sounding syllables or words

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15
Q

prosody

A

melody or variable tone of speech

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16
Q

testing for aphasia

A

naming - name objects
comprehension - follow command
repetition - repeat words
read/write - short exercises

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17
Q

anomia

A

loss of ability to name common objects

**most common deficit in true aphasia

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18
Q

wernickes area

A

transforms sensory input to neural word representations to give a word meaning

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19
Q

brocas area

A

transforms thse neural word representations into articulated spoken words

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20
Q

damage to wernickes or brocas

A

aphasia

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21
Q

language

A

left hemisphere

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22
Q

brocas aphasia

A

understanding of spoken language preserved

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23
Q

wernickes aphasia

A

fluent speech that makes no sense

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24
Q

apraxia

A

inability to turn verbal request into motor performance

difficulty with complex yet familiar activities - taking a shower, writing, toothbrush

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25
aspects of thoughts and perception exam
process content insight judgment
26
assessment of cognitive function
orientation attention memory executive function
27
orientation
person place time - most commonly lost*
28
memory
recent - new information | remote - distant memories
29
alzheimers
lose recent then distant memory
30
testing recent memory
repeat words back in 3-5 minutes pathologic - remember none or only 1 of list of 3
31
testing insight
tests dementia -also disease of frontal lobe proverbs situational questions similarities/differences
32
proverbs
look before you leap
33
delirium
acute confusion episode
34
dementia
slowly progressive
35
evaluating calculations
number span - repeat numbers in order spelling word - forward/backward months or days backwards doubling a number
36
constructional ability testing
ask to draw something | also tests apraxia
37
mini mental status exam
23-30 normal 19-23 borderline < 19 impaired
38
cerebellum
coordinate motor activity equilibrium posture
39
cerebellar testing
``` gait heel to knee , slide down shin rhomberg/pronator drift finger to nose eyes open rapid alternating movements ```
40
rhomberg
tests ataxia specific to posterior column function closing eyes removes visual input and ataxia direction of fall - side of lesion
41
pronator drift
arms pronate and drift downward when eyes closed
42
dysmetria
vary in speed/force in finger to nose test
43
drunk test
finger to nose eyes closed
44
dysdiadochokinesis
one movement cannot be abruptly stopped and followed by opposite movement -slow, irregular, clumsy
45
olfactory nerve testing
seldom tested | abnormalities seen with concussion
46
optic nerve testing
acuity - eye chart pupil reflex visual field exam
47
afferent CN II
senses light
48
efferent CN II
oculomotor
49
esotropia
medial deviation
50
exotropia
lateral deviation
51
extraocular movements
six cardinal directions | make an "H"
52
trochlear
moves eye down and out
53
abducens
moves eye laterally
54
strabismus testing
cover/uncover eye to check bilateral central focus
55
fourth nerve palsy
eye up and in
56
sixth nerve palsy
cannot move eye laterally can be result of increased ICP
57
trigeminal nerve testing
sensory - 3 division of face motor - clench teeth, move jaw side to side corneal reflex - blink reflex
58
blink reflex
CN V senses stimulus CN VII motor to blink both eyes should blink together
59
facial nerve exam
``` muscles of facial expression taste of anterior tongue lacrimation salivation stapes of middle ear ```
60
facial nerve
can be affected centrally or peripherally central - mm of lower face peripheral - upper and lower face
61
cerebral lesion
opposite side | upper face unaffected
62
brainstem lesion
same side | both lower and upper affected
63
vestibulocochlear nerve exam
hearing and balance
64
gag reflex
afferent CN IX | efferent CN X
65
CN IX
sensory to soft palate
66
CN X
helps to raise palate
67
glossopharyngeal
taste on posterior 1/3 of tongue
68
spinal accessory exam
patient shrug shoulders
69
hypoglossal nerve exam
motor to only tongue | stick out tongue
70
screening neuro exam
``` mental status cranial nerves motor sensory reflexes ```

PCM III Exam 2 (8 decks)

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