Derm Exam

Question 1

primary lesion

Answer 1

first recognizable skin lesion or involved basic skin changes

Question 2

secondary lesion

Answer 2

evolve from primary

-natural history of disorder or scratching of infection

Question 3

layers of skin

Answer 3

epidermis
dermis
subQ

Question 4

vellus hair

Answer 4

short, fine, unpigmented

-peach fuzz

Question 5

terminal hair

Answer 5

coarser, thicker, pigmented

-scalp, eyebrows, pubes

Question 6

3 growth phases of hair

Answer 6

catagen
telogen
anagen

Question 7

catagen phase

Answer 7

transitional phase 3%

Question 8

telogen phase

Answer 8

resting phase 10-15 %

Question 9

anagen phase

Answer 9

growing phase 85-90%

Question 10

nail anatomy

Answer 10

lunula (white part)

cuticle (hang nail)

Question 11

clubbing

Answer 11

rounding of nail

-soft and spongy

Question 12

psoriasis

Answer 12

small pits in nails

Question 13

mees lines

Answer 13

lines of discoloration across nail

-indicate poisoning or in renal failure

Question 14

beaus line

Answer 14

grooves in nail (horizontal)

-normal with aging

Question 15

skin coloration blend of what pigments?

Answer 15

melanin - brown
carotene - yellow
carboxyhemoglobin - red
de-oxyhemoglobin - blue/red

Question 16

albino

Answer 16

no melanin

Question 17

ski color determined by

Answer 17

amount of melanin

Question 18

melanocytes

Answer 18

cells containing melanin in organelles called melanosomes

-migrate outward to the epidermis

Question 19

central cyanosis

Answer 19

look in lips

Question 20

jaundice

Answer 20

yellowing of sclera first, then skin

Question 21

red color of carboxyhemoglobin

Answer 21

at fingertips, lips, mucous

dark-skinned - palms and soles

Question 22

temperature

Answer 22

with back of fingertips

Question 23

mobility and turgor

Answer 23

ease with which it lifts - mobility

speed it returns to place - turgor

Question 24

be bound patients

Answer 24

may get pressure sores

-compression of arteries and capillary blood flow to skin

Question 25

distribution

Answer 25

extensor and flexor surfaces

Question 26

macule

Answer 26

circumscribed change in skin color flush with surrounding tissue < 1cm ex/ vitiligo

Question 27

patch

Answer 27

circumscribed change in skin color flush with surrounding skin color > 1 cm ex/ cafe-au-lait spots

Question 28

papule

Answer 28

solid or cystic elevation < 1cm ex/psoriasis

Question 29

nodule

Answer 29

solid or cystic elevation between 1-2 cm ex/dermatofibroma

Question 30

tumor

Answer 30

solid or cystic elevation >2cm

Question 31

scale

Answer 31

desiccated, thin plates of cornified epidermal cells that form flakes ex/ ichthyosis vulgaris

Question 32

wheal

Answer 32

circumscribed, flat-topped firm elevation of skin with well-demarcated and palpable margin -blanche with pressure ex/ urticaria

Question 33

vesicle

Answer 33

circumscribed, elevated lesion containing clear serous or hemorrhagic fluid that is <1cm in diameter ex/ herpes zoster

Question 34

bulla

Answer 34

circumscribed, elevated lesion containing clear serous or hemorrhagic fluid that is > 2cm ex/ insect bite

Question 35

pustule

Answer 35

vesicle containing purulent exudate

Question 36

atrophy

Answer 36

depression from surface of skin with underlying loss of epidermal or dermal substance

Question 37

erosion

Answer 37

depression from surface of skin with a loss of all or part of the epidermis -can be secondary

Question 38

ulceration

Answer 38

depression from surface of skin with loss of entire epidermis and at least some of dermis -can be secondary

Question 39

lichenification

Answer 39

dry, leathery, thickening of skin with exaggerated skin markings from rubbing or scratching

Question 40

scar

Answer 40

elevated or depressed area of fibrosis of the dermis of subQ tissue resulting from antecednet destructive process

Question 41

fissure

Answer 41

deep linear split in skin extending through epidermis

Question 42

crust

Answer 42

dried exudates of serum, blood, sebum, or purulent material on the surface of the skin

Question 43

plaque

Answer 43

raised lesion > 1cm

Question 44

cyst

Answer 44

nodule filled with material - liquid or semisolid - encapsulated

Question 45

pustule

Answer 45

open lesion filled with pus ex/ acne

Question 46

crust

Answer 46

dried residue of skin exudates such as serum, pus, or blood ex/ impetigo

Question 47

excoriation

Answer 47

linear erosions caused by scratching

Question 48

koebner phenomena

Answer 48

skin trauma from scratching may cause new lesions

Question 49

fissure

Answer 49

linear crack in skin ex/ tinea pedis

Question 50

patterns and shapes

Answer 50

``` linear cluster geographyic serpiginous - slowly progressive annular - ring shaped** heliotrope - around eyes ```

Question 51

potassium hydroxide

Answer 51

dermatophyte or yeast infection

Question 52

gram stain

Answer 52

gram +/- bacteria

Question 53

tzanck stain

Answer 53

herpesvirus infection | -rounded. multinucleate keratinocytes

Question 54

oil mount

Answer 54

scabies

Question 55

punch biopsy

Answer 55

microscopic alterations in all 3 layers

Question 56

shave or snip biopsy

Answer 56

microscopic alterations in epidermis and upper dermis

Question 57

excisional biopsy

Answer 57

microscopic alterations in epidermis, dermis, and subQ with entire architecture of lesion in specimin

Question 58

basal cell carcinoma

Answer 58

basal layer of epidermis | slow, rarely metastasize

Question 59

squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 59

upper layer of epidermis | -can metastasize

Question 60

malignant melanoma

Answer 60

from melanocytes -can spread rapidly and metastasize sun exposure

Question 61

ABCDE screening

Answer 61

``` A - asymmetry B - border C - color D - diameter >6mm or different E - elevation ```

Question 62

basal cell carcinoma looks like

Answer 62

pearl white dome shaped papule with telangiectasias center can ulcerate

Question 63

squamous cell carcinoma looks like

Answer 63

often head, neck, hands may develop from precursor keratoses

Question 64

malignant melanoma signs

Answer 64

asymmetriclal border - uneven edges - two or more colors - larger than 6mm