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Fall--Derm EENT > Eye disorders > Flashcards

Eye disorders Flashcards

1
Q

malposition of lid AWAY from eyeball–typically lower lid involved

A

ectropion

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2
Q

etiology of ectropion (5)

A
  1. involution–change in lid laxity
  2. cicatricial–scar
  3. paralytic–CN VII palsy
  4. Mechanical–space-occupying lesion
  5. Infection–HSV
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3
Q

Inward turning eyelid

A

Entropion

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4
Q

entropion etiology (5)

A
  1. cicatricial
  2. chemical burn
  3. trauma
  4. infection HSV
  5. laxity of lid
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5
Q

lid disorder that is chronic or acute; anterior or posterior, or both

A

blepharitis–usually Staph

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6
Q

Pathophys of blepharitis

A
  1. infections or seborrheic (Anterior blepharitis involves skin of external eyelid, eyelashes, and associated glands.
  2. inflammation of meibomian glands –secondary to seborrhea or acne rosacea
  3. infections (staph, demodex)
  4. Seborrheic (isolated to lid margins–ant or post)
  5. Acne rosacea–POSTERIOR blepharitis
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7
Q

burning, itching, redness, and mildly decreased vision

A

Seborrheic blepharitis

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8
Q

demodex Tx

A

metronidozole, tea-tree oil

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9
Q

chronic inflammatory skin disease which affects the MIDLINE skin of face and upper chest – persistent erythema, telangiectasis, papules, pustules, and sevaceous gland hypertrophy

A

Acne Rosacea – may be from Demodex

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10
Q

Tx of acne rasacea

A
  1. avoid triggers
  2. metronidazole gel to lids
  3. doxycycline
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11
Q

common acute infections abscess typically caused by staph.

A

hordeolum (stye)

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12
Q

types of Stye

A
  1. internal hordeolum–small staph abscess of meibomian glands
  2. external hordeolum–acute staph abscess of a lash follicle–associated w/ Zeis or Moll glands
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13
Q

TX for Stye and chalazion

A
  1. hygiene
  2. warm compress
  3. I&D if surrounding cellulitis
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14
Q

a form of blepharitis that is a localized nontender sterile granulomatous inflammation w/in a MEIBOMIAN gland

A

Chalazion

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15
Q

conjunctivitis usually always _____ etiology

A

viral (^adenovirus or HSV)

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16
Q

pink eye usually

A

acute viral conjunctivitis

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17
Q

bacterial conjunctivitis usually from (4)

A
  1. Staph aureus
  2. staph epidermidis
  3. Strep pneumoniae
  4. Haemophilus influenzae
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18
Q

H&P bacterial conjunctivitis (5)

A
  1. redness
  2. foreign body sensation
  3. purulent discharge
  4. itchy
  5. more likely unilateral
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19
Q

flat or elevated, cream-colored, white, or chalky lesion of conjunctiva adjacent to the limbus and w/in the palpebral fissure

A

Pinguecula

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20
Q

triangular fibrovascular subepithelial ingrowth of degenerative bulbar conjunctival tissue over the limbus ONTO CORNEA

A

Pterygium

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21
Q

changes in the retina due to hypertension

A

hypertensive retinopathy

22
Q

Signs os hypertensive + diabetic retinopathy (3)

A
  1. “cotton wool spots”
  2. coper/silver wire (3D in appearance)
  3. punctate hemorrhages
23
Q

TX for hypertensive retinopathy

A

lower blood pressure + ophthalmology exam

24
Q

hypertensive retinopathy may predispose pt to

A

retinal detachment

25
diabetes causes vascular pathology to the retina
Diabetic retinopathy (proliferative or nonproliferative)
26
Tx for diabetic retinopathy (3)
1. control diabetes 2. laser for diabetic retinopathy 3. ophthalmology exam and f/u
27
small, bright yellow DRUSEN (pigmentary changes--deposits under retina)
Age related macular degeneration Dry --> Wet
28
___ARMD most frequently progresses to blindness
wet
29
non-exudate ARMD
dry vs. exudate=wet
30
macular degeneration leads to loss of _____ ______ not ______ vision
20/20 vision not peripheral
31
Wet ARMD characterized by...
presence of choroidal neovascularization and associated exudation
32
opacity of lens of the eye, localized or diffuse, potentially causing problems w/ vision
Cataract
33
H&P cataract (6)
1. decreased vision 2. Glare esp at night 3. alterations in color vision 4. reduced acuity 5. alteration in red reflex 6. "crystalline lens"
34
Irreversible optic neuropathy typically associated w/ elevated intraocular pressure. If left untreated can lead to blindness
Open angle glaucoma
35
open angle glaucoma leads to
optic nerve damage--> vision loss
36
DDX of open angle glaucoma
Angle closure glaucoma
37
blockage of tear drainage may lead to
acute angle closure glaucoma
38
PE glaucoma
1. visual field defects 2. changes in cup:disk ratio CD 3. raised intraocular pressure IOP
39
Misalignment of eyes, such that the two visual axes are not simultaneously directed at the same object
strabismus
40
main goal when treating glaucoma
lower IOP
41
etiology of strabismus (2)
1. genetic | 2. paralysis of ocular muscles
42
inward deviation of eye
esotropia
43
outward deviation of eye--may be observable when pt tired, unwell or daydreaming
exotropia
44
Tx for strapismus --refer ASAP, preferably before pt is 2 yo
1. corrective lenses 2. patching 3. eye muscle surgery
45
inflammation of the lacrimal gland--acute or chronic
dacryoadenitis
46
etiology of dacroadenitis (4) -- treat accordingly
1. Staph 2. Epstein-barr virus 3. HSV 4. N. gonorrhoeae
47
painful, tender swelling of the inferior medial canthal area, w/ surrounding cellulitis. infections obstrucion of nasolacrimal duct. INFRAMEDIAL region.
dacryocystitis
48
blood in the anterior chamber--traumatic typically from BLUNT TRAUMA
Hyphema
49
PE of hyphema (5)
1. photophobia 2. decreased visual acuity 3. anisocoria (mydriasis or miosis) 4. ^ IOP 5. corneal blood staining
50
demyelinating optic neuropathy idiopathic or w/ MS
optic neuritis
51
W/ Hyphema don't miss (2)
orbital fracture or globe rupture

Fall--Derm EENT (8 decks)

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