Derm/EENT Anatomy Flashcards
1
Q
junction of sphenoid, temportal, frontal and parietal bones
A
Pterion–lies over MIDDLE MENINGEAL ARTERY BRANCH (off maxilary artery)
2
Q
Passes through Superior orbital vissure (5)
A
CN
III, IV, V1, VI
3, 4, 51, 6
3
Q
passes throuh optic canal
A
CN II
4
Q
Passes through inferior orbital fissure
A
CN V2 (connection btwn inferior ophthalmic vein and pterygoid plexus)
5
Q
foramena of mandible
A
Mandibular foramen, mental foramen
6
Q
scalp mneumonic (5) 1-3 fused
A
SCALP
- Skin
- Connective tissue
- Aponeurosis
- Loose areolar connective tissue (allows scalp to move in relation to skull)
- Periosteum
7
Q
anastomosis
A
physical connection of BV that allows for collateral circulation
8
Q
collateral circulation
A
alternate pathway for blood to reach a specific region of the body
9
Q
Arteries of scalp (2)
A
External and internal carotid arteries
10
Q
external carotid artery feeds
A
- occipital a.
- posterior auricular a.
- superficial temporal a.
11
Q
internal carotid artery feeds
A
- supraorbital a.
2. supratrochlear a.
12
Q
arteries to face (5)
A
- external carotid artery
- lingual a.
- facial a.
- superficial temporal a
- Maxillary a. (middle menigeal a., and inferior alveolar artery)
13
Q
veins of face (6)
A
- supratrochlear v.
- supraorbital v.
- superficial temporal v.
- maxillary v.
- retromandibular v.
- internal jugular v.
14
Q
infections from face spread to dural sinuses + venous routes (facial veins enter cavernous sinus–can spread infection to brain)
A
Danger triangle of face (superior ophthalmic v, inferior ophthalmic v., and pterygoid plexus)
15
Q
CN VII think
A
muscles of facial expression and taste to ANTERIOR 2/3 of tongue
16
Q
Branches of facial n VII
1-5 motor fibers of facial expression
A
- temporal (pinky)
- zygomatic (ring)
- buccal (middle)
- mandibular (pointer) *
- cervical (thumb)
- chorda tympani
17
Q
facial n VII mneumonic
A
2 zebras bit my cockatu
18
Q
bell’s palsy may be due to (4)
A
- CN VII inflammation
- virus
- sleeping w/ cold air on face
- stroke
19
Q
Trigeminal nerve divisions OMM
A
- Ophthalmic division V1 – S
- Maxillary division V2 – S
- Mandibular division V3 – S + M (mastication) *
20
Q
Trigeminal nerve think
A
chief sensory n of face + muscles of mastication
21
Q
muscles of mastication (4)
All innervated by ________
A
- temporalis m (elevates mandible)
- masseter m. (elevates/grindes)
- medial pterygoid m. (elevates/grindes)
- lateral pterygoid m. (depresses/protrudes)
- -Mandibular division of Trigeminal n. V3
22
Q
TMJ type
A
hinge synovial joint–loose synovial capsule
23
Q
articulations of TMJ (3)
A
- mandibular fossa of temporal bone
- mandibular condyle
- articular tubercle of temporal bone
24
Q
Parotid gland structures (3) superficial to deep
Exocrine gland –> parotid duct
A
- CN VII
- Retromandibular v.
- external carotid a.
Nerve, vein, artery
25
Oral region components (4)
1. teeth
2. palate
3. tongue
4. pharynx
26
Types of teeth (2)
deciduous and permanent
27
types of teeth and purpose (4)
1. incisors (cutting)
2. canines (tearing)
3. premolars (grinding/ crushing)
4. Molars (grinding/crushing)
28
Teeth types and numbers
Primary 20
secondary 12
Total = 32
29
Nerve supply to teeth
1. Maxillary teeth -- CN V2
| 2. Mandibular teeth--CN V3 (inferior alveolar nerve through mandibular foramen)
30
Hard palate formed by _______ and _________ bones
maxilla (palatine process) and palatine bones
31
Soft palate formed from
moveable fibromuscular tissue
32
muscles of soft palate innervated by _____, moves _______ against pharynx when _____
CN X,
posteriorly,
swallowing
33
muscles of tongue: types and innervation
extrinsic (origin and insertion in different organs) and intrinsic (origin and insertion in organ--change shape of tongue),
CN XII
34
Papillae posterior to anterior
1. Vallate papillae
2. filiform p.
3. fungiform
35
general sensory and taste innervation for posterior 1/3 of tonue
CN IX -- glosopharyngeal
36
Anterior 2/3 of tongue general sense vs. taste innervation
1. CN V3
| 2. CN VII (spec. Chorda tympeni)
37
motor innervation of entire tongue
CN XII hypoglossal
38
Roles of nose (4)
1. olfaction
2. respiration
3. filtration of dust
4. humidify air
39
opening into nasopharynx
posterior nares or choanae
40
sides of nose
ala
41
bones of nose
nasal, frontal, maxillary
42
bones of nasal septum
1. perpendicular plate of ethmoid
| 2. vomer
43
mucosa of nose
1. respiratory mucosa
| 2. olfactory mucosa
44
new name for turbinates (turbulence)
conchae
45
conchae and bone
1. superior--ethmoid bone
2. middle--ethmoid bone
3. inferior--separate bone
46
Meatus purpose (3)
1. superior ( post ethmoid sinus drainage
2. middle (frontal, maxillary, ant and middle ethmoid sinus drainage)
3. inferior (nasolacrimal duct drainage)
47
most commonly infected sinus + aperture location + proximal to ______ _______
Maxillary,
aperture superior to floor of sinus,
proximal to maxillary teeth (root may grow into sinus)
48
raises upper eyelid
levator palpebrae superioris m
49
tarsal glands aka/ purpose
Meibomian glands--secrete lipid that lubricates eyelids
50
Conjunctiva types:
Palpebral:inner surface of eyelids
Bulbar: attached loosely to anterior eyeball surface
51
lacrimal puncta(drainage) -->lacrimal canaliculi -->
lacrimal sacs --> nasolacrimal duct-->inferior nasal meatus
52
role of tears (3)
1. clean
2. protect
3. lubricate eyes
53
extrinsic aka extraocular eye muscles
| intrinsic eye muscles
- move eyeballs
| - change shape of pupil etc (CN III parasympathetic innervation)
54
Eyeball anatomy:
Fibrous layer:
Vascular layer:
Inner layer:
- sclera and cornea
- aka uvea--choroid, ciliary body, iris
- retina
55
Sclera (4)
1. white of eye
2. posterior 5/6 of eyball (slide 17)
3. protects and shapes eyeball
4. attachment for extrinsic and intrinsic mm
56
Cornea characteristics (5)
1. transparent
2. anterior 1/6 of eyeball
3. allows light entry
4. avascular
5. innervated by CN V1
57
Vascular layer --> Choroid characteristics (3)
1. highly vascular
2. btwn sclera and retina
3. absorbs light so it isn't scattered w/in eye
58
Ciliary body characteristics (2)
1. ring of tissue surrounding lens--providing attachment of lens
2. connects choroid w/ lens
59
ciliary processes are folds that produce _______ _____ which fills anterior segment of eye
aqueous fluid
60
Iris characteristics (2)
1. lies on anterior surface of lens
2. thin, contractile diphragm
3. has circular and radial smooth mm fibers that vary pupil size
61
Inner layer--> retina layers (2) and characteristics
1. Pigmented layer--single cell thick, adjacent to choroid, absorbes light
2. Neural layer--neurons, optic disc, macula lutea
62
Neural layer components (3)
- photoreceptors (rods/cones)
- Bipolar cells--intermediate layer
- Ganglion cells (axons from optic nerve)
63
optic disc aka ____ _____ is where...
blind spot,
| optic nerve exits eye--no photoreceptors
64
area of enhanced visual acuity; mostly cones
macula lutea
65
center of macula; only cones; most acute vision
fovea centralis
66
blood to rods and cones supplied by
capillaries of choroid
67
Remaining retina blood supplied by
central artery; from ophthalmic artery
68
Anterior segment--aqueous humor (produced by ciliary PROCESSES)
- anterior chamber btwn
- posterior chamber btwn
- cornea and iris
| - iris and lens
69
posterior segment is...
| filled w/...
behind lens; filled w/ vitreous humor
70
blocked aqueous humor drainage leads to
glaucoma
71
Visual pathway: Retina-->
CN II--> optic chiasm --> optic TRACT(after chiasm) --> thalamus --> optic radiations --> Primary visual cortex in occipital lobe
72
secrete ear wax in external acoustic meatus
ceruminous glands
73
optic TRACTS carry
information from the CONTRALATERAL visual FIELD
74
TM covered w/
skin externally; mucous membrane internally
75
TM components (3) characteristics
- Flaccid part--superior, thin
- Tense part--most of membrane, has fibers to support TM
- Umbo--end of malleus in contact
76
Muscles of middle ear (2) + purpose
1. stapedius--pulls STAPES preventing ^ movement
| 2. tensor tympani--pulls MALLEUS--tensing TM
77
middle ear in
petrous portion of temporal bone
78
auditory canal aka aka
eustachian tube, pharyngotympanic tube
79
chorda tympani nerve through middle ear for (3)
- taste (SPECIAL SENSE) to anterior 2/3 of tongue--CN VII
- travels btwn incus and malleus
- joins lingual branch of CN V3
80
Fluid portion:
Bony labyrinth:
Membranous labyrinth:
- perilymph (plasma-like)
| - endolymph
81
Bony labyrinth character (3)
1. fluid-filled spaces w/in petrous portion of temp bone
2. surrounded by OTIC CAPSULE
3. contains (cochlea, vestibule, semicircular canals)
82
Vestibule contains _______ and ______ for ______ -- continuous w/ ________ and ________ ________
utrilcle and saccule (maculae) for balance,
| cochlea and semicircular canals
83
sacs and ducts suspended in bony labyrinth
membranous labyrinth--cochlear and vestibular labyrinth
| filled w/ endolymph--intracellular fluid
84
organ of corti aka
Spiral Organ
85
________ is the enlarge swelling in the semicircular canals, location of ______ ______, equilibrium receptors that respond to rotational movement of head
Ampulla,
| crista ampullaris
86
subQ aka
hypodermis
87
Skin types (2)
- thick skin--palms and soles--5 layers
| - thin skin--everywhere else--4 layers
88
Epidermal cells (4)
1. Keratinocytes--surface cells dead, produce keratin--waterproof
2. Melanocytes--produce melanin--UV protection
3. Langerhans' cells--macrophages; immune cells
4. Merkel cells--associated w/ sensory nerve endings
89
Epidermis layers mneumonic--deep to superficial
```
Bad Skin Gets Little Calluses
Basale (deep)
Spinosum
Granulosum
Lucidum (only in thick skins)
Corneum (superficial)
```
90
stratum basale characteristics (4)
1. deepest
2. single cell layer
3. stem cells become keratinocytes which undergo mitosis
4. also contains melanocytes
91
Straum Spinosum characteristics (3)
1. several layers thick
2. keratinocytes of processes that look like spines
3. contains langerhans' cells
92
Stratum Granulosum (3)
1. keratinocytes FLATTEN
2. 1-5 cell layers
3. contain granules
93
Stratum lucidum (2)
1. only found in thick skin
| 2. keratinocytes are dead and flattened
94
Stratum corneum (3)
1. outermost layer
2. keratinocytes are dead and filled w/ keratin
3. protective/ waterproof
95
Dermous is _____ _____ layer; binds body together. It is ______ and contains _____, _______, _____ ______, and _____
fibrous CT,
VASCULAR,
fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, WBCs
96
Dermal layers (2)
1. papillary (nipple) layer--20% of dermis, contains DERMAL PAPILLAE, Areolar CT, Collagen, elastic fibers
2. reticular layer--Deeper, 80% of dermis, DENSE, IRREGULAR CT
97
dermal blood vessels nourish
dermis and epidermis--body temperature regulation by constricting/dilating. Holds 5% of blood vollume
98
Hypodermis aka aka
superficial fascia or sucutaneous tissue
99
Superficial fascia (4)
1. areolar and adipose tissue
2. stores fat --> insulation
3. anchors skin to muscles underneath
4. allows skin to slide freely
100
Integument functions (6)
1. protection
2. regulation of body tem[
3. cutaneous sensation
4. metabolic functions
5. blood reservoir
6. excretion
101
Skin protection (3)
1. chemical barrier--acidic secretions
2. physical barrier--keratin, continuity
3. biological barrier-- Langerhan's cells, macrophages
102
Skin Regulation (3)
1. body temp
2. sweat
3. Dermal BV constriction
103
Skin touch sensation
Meissner's corpuscels
104
Pressure/ bumps
pacinian receptors
105
light skin touch sensation
root hair plexus
106
skin pain and temp sensation
free nerve ending
107
Metabolic functions of skin (2)
1. Vitamin D synthesis
| 2. Used for dietary Ca++ uptake
108
Skin excretion (4)
1. lose H2O
2. NaCl
3. Ammonia
4. Urea/ Uric acid
109
follicle runs from
surface into DERMIS
110
Hair components (4)
1. Protein--keratin
2. Hair follicle
3. root hair plexus
4. arrector pili m.
111
sweat gland aka
sudoriferous gland
112
modified sweat glands (2)
1. ceruminous glands
| 2. mammary glands
113
secrete sebum--everywhere except palms and soles
sebaceous glands--lubricates hair and skin
114
sudoriferous glands everywhere except (2)
1. nipples
| 2. external genitals
