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Vet Med 2 > Eye Disease Investigation and Diagnosis > Flashcards

Eye Disease Investigation and Diagnosis Flashcards

1
Q

9 Steps of Basic Eye Exam

A
  1. History
  2. Distance exam
  3. Neuro-ophthalmic assessment
  4. External assessment
  5. Tear assessment
  6. Close exam
  7. Topical anaesthetic and tonometry
  8. Apply mydriatic and ophthamoscopy
  9. Culture, dyes, nasolacrimal flush, imaging
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2
Q

List Basic Equipment

A

Light source
Schirmer Tear Test Strips
Mydriatic - tropicamide
Topical anaesthetic - proxymetacaine
Dye - fluoresein, rose bengal
Converging lens
Direct ophthalmoscope
Tonometer - TonoPen, TonoVet = IOP, glaucoma
Nasolacrimal cannulae

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3
Q

Advanced Equipment

A

Goniolens - drainage angle
Binocular ophthalmoscope
Slit lamp biomicroscope
Retinoscope
US
Xray
Electroretinogram
CT
MRI

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4
Q
  1. History
A
  1. Signalment
  2. Animal use
  3. Primary complaint - onset, 1st signs, progression, duration
  4. Tx
  5. Other concurrent dx
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5
Q
  1. Distance Exam
A
  1. Conformation
  2. Globe size
  3. Globe position
  4. Discharge
  5. Blink rate
  6. Palpebral fissure and 3rd eyelid position
  7. Photophobia
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6
Q
  1. Neuro-ophthalmic Assessment
A
  1. Vision
  2. Menace response
  3. Palpebral reflex
  4. Dazzle reflex
  5. Pupillary light reflex
  6. Corneal reflex
  7. Vestibulo-ocular reflex
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7
Q
  1. External Assessment
A
  1. Gentle palpation
  2. Assess eyelids, conjunctiva, 3rd eyelid
  3. Epiphora/ ocular discharge
  4. Assess cornea and tear film
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8
Q
  1. Tear Assessment
A

Schirmer Tear Test 1 = place for 60s
Dogs - <5mm/min = diagnostic for KCS
STT2 = local anaesthesia - measures basal tear production

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9
Q
  1. Close Exam
A
  1. Limbus, sclera = colour, vasculature
  2. Cornea = purkinje reflex, transparency, pigmentation/vascular
  3. Anterior chamber = transparency, depth, hyphema, aqueous flare
  4. Anterior iris = colour, consistency
  5. Pupil = size, shape, symmetry
  6. Lens = posiiton, transparency
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10
Q
  1. Tonometry +/- Topical Anaesthetic
A

Measures IOP
TonoPen = applanation tonometry measures force required to flatten cornea = use topical anaesthesia
TonoVet - rebound tonometry measures time for small probe to propel and contact cornea
Schiotz tonometer = indentation tonometry measures corneal indentation by a given weight

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11
Q

Different IOP

A

Dog = 15-18mmHg
Cat - 17-19 mmHg
Rabbit 15-20mmHg

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12
Q
  1. Apply Mydriatic and Ophthalmoscopy
A

Pupil dilated = tropicamide 1%
Wait 20mins
Assess lens, posterior segment

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13
Q
  1. Corneoconjunctival Cytology and Culture
A
  1. Gently retract eyelids
  2. Culture - roll sterile swab on lesion
  3. Cytology - remove excess mucus, scrape conjunctiva
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14
Q
  1. Flurorescein Dye
A

Corneal ulceration
Hydrophilic = adheres to exposed stroma
Lipophobic = doesnt adhree to corneal/ conjunctival epithelium
Cobalt blue filter on direct ophthalmascope

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15
Q
  1. Rose Bengal Dye
A

Tear film disorders and superficial corneal abnormalities
- Herpetic keratitis = dendritic ulcer
- Punctate keratitis
- Preocular tear film disorder

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16
Q
  1. Nasolacrimal Flush
A
  • Cannulate upper punctum w 3-5ml sterile saline
  • Confirm patency w fluid exiting from lower punctum
  • Occlude lower puncta and confirm nasolacrimal duct patency
  • Cats = small puncta = sedation
  • Rabbits = only 1 large lower puncta
17
Q

Indications for Ocular Imaging
3 points

A
  1. Eyelid/ periocular swelling
  2. Cornea, anterior chamber, lens/ vitreous opacity
  3. Suspected trauma/ FB
18
Q

Indications for Orbital Imaging
5 points

A
  1. Exophthalmos and enophthalmos +/- 3rd eyelid protrusion
  2. Strabismus
  3. Trauma/ FB
  4. Periorbital disease = dental/sinus
  5. Facial swelling/ distortion
19
Q

CT
2 points

A

More advanced bony structures/ mineralisation visualisation
Stage neoplasm

20
Q

MRI
3 points

A

**Soft tissue structures
Neurophthalmic and orbital dx
Surgical planning

21
Q

Common Conditions Diagnosed w US

A
  1. Intraocular neoplasia
  2. Retrobulbar abscess
  3. Retinal detachment
  4. Lens luxation
  5. Lens rupture
  6. Globe rupture

Vet Med 2 (26 decks)

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