Endocrine Therapeutics Flashcards
Canine and Feline Insulin
Canine Insulin
- Identical to porcine
- Differs by 1 AA to human
Feline Insulin
- Differs by 3 AA to porcine
- Differs by 4 AA to human
Insulin Preparations
Humulin
- Short acting (human)
- Complicated diabetes/ DKA
- Orange needle = 100 IU/ml
Caninsulin
- Intermediate acting (porcine)
- Uncomplicated diabetes
- Red needle = 40 IU/ml
Prozinc
- Intermediate acting (human)
- Uncomplicated diabetes
- Red needle = 40 IU/ml
Insulin Pharmacokinetics
Insulin = acts rapidly, short-lived
Formulations = slowly absorbed insulin precipitates +/- rapidly absorbed soluble insulin
Prozinc - protamine zinc insulin = crystalline
Caninsulin - 30% amorphous zinc/ 70% crystalline zinc insulin
Velaglifozin - Cats
SGLT2 inhibitor = increased glucose excretes in urine
AE = D+/V+, PU/PD
Oral Hypoglycaemic Agents
Stim B cells to produce insulin
- Tolbutamide, glipizide
Increase insulin sensitivity
- metformin
Not for dogs - Type 1 diabetes = can’t produce insulin
Hypothyroidism - Levothyroxine Na
Synthetic Levothyroxine
0.02mg/kg/d
Hyperthyroidism - Medical Management
Practical, rapid return, avoids surgery
Thioureylenes = methimazole, carbimazole
- Inhibit Iodide oxidation
2-3wks response
Can unmask renal dx
Hyperthyroidism - Radioiodine
Thyroid absorbs all radioactivity
1 sc injection, few complications
Isolate cats for 2wks
Hyperadrenocorticism
Trilostane - reversibly blocks adrenal glucocorticoid synthesis
Canine pituitary & adrenal-dependent
Dose w food
Biochem and ACTH stim test pre, 10d, 4wks, 12wks, 3mthly
Hypoadrenocorticism - Acute Collapse
Stabilise w IV fluid therapy (0.9% saline) +/- dextrose
Glucocorticoid + mineralocorticoid
Hypoadrenocorticism - Maintenance
Glucocorticoid + mineralocorticoid for life
Mineralocorticoid
- Desoxycortone - long-acting
- Dosed 2.2mg/kg sc
- 10d review Na+/K+
- 25d review again and inject
2nd dose
Glucocorticoid
- Prednisolone - 0.02-0.04mg/kg q24hrs
