Eye data questions Flashcards
What is this?
Diabetic fundus
What is this?
Hypertensive fundus
What signs are indicitive of a hypertensive fundus?
- Silver wiring.
- A-V nipping.
- Cotton wool spots.
- Flame haemorrhages
- ‘Macular star’ exudates
- Optic disc oedema
What signs are indicitive of a diabetic fundus?
- Microaneurysms.
- Dot and blot haemorrhages.
- Flame haemorrhages.
- Hard exudates.
- Cotton wool spots.
- Neovascularisation
What is this?
Papilloedema
What signs on observation would be indicitive of papilloedema?
- Venous engorgement.
- Loss of venous pulsation.
- Blurred disc margins.
- Haemorrhage adjacent to the disc
What disease is most implicated by the obeservation of ‘flame haemorrhages’ in the fundus?
- Hypertension
- Also present in retinal vein occlusion, optic neuropathies
What heamorrhages are associated with diabetic retinopathy?
Blot heamorrhages
What causes the build up of hard exudate in diabetic retinopathy?
Leakage of plasma results in deposits of lipid breakdown products
With what eye pathology would you associate photocoagulation scars?
Hypertension
What is this?
Retinal detachment
What symptoms would you associate with retinal detachment?
- ‘like a curtain coming down’
- Flashing lights
What is a common pathology associated with retinal detachment?
Myopia → short sightedness
What is this?
- Papilloedema
- Almost always presents as a bilateral phenomenon and may develop over hours to weeks
What pathology is papiloedema associated with?
- Raised intracranial pressure
- Malignant hypertension
- Optic neuritis
What symptoms does papiloedema present with?
- Enlarged blind spot
- Normal visual acuity & colour vision
What is this?
Subconjuntival heamorrhage
What factors increase the risk of subconjuntival heamorrhage?
• Suddenly increase pressure – such as coughing, hypertension or Aspirin (as anti-platelet agent) will make this more likely as will trauma and increasing age
What is the dye used in this photo? and what is the pathology visible?
- Fluorescein
- Corneal abrassion
What is the pathology in this photo?
Small foreign boby on the inside of the eye lid.
What colour light is used to veiw flourescein? and what coloured light is used to veiw arteries inside the fundus?
- Flourescein = blue light
- Blood vessels in the fundus = Green light
What has happened in this picture?
a hyphema—a hemorrhage in the bottom of the anterior chamber of the eye
What is this clinical sign? and what is it associated with?
Ptosis and horners. While Ca lung is a cause of horner’s and ptosis, it wouldn’t be expected in a 6 year old
What muscles and cranial nerves are associated with these eye movments?
A.Superior rectus → CN 3
B.inferior oblique → CN3
C. Medial rectus → CN 3
D. Superior oblique → CN4
E. inferior rectus → CN 3
F. lateral rectus → CN6
What is this called? and where is the pathology?
Bitemporal hemianopia → Optic chiasm pathology
What is this visual field defect called and where is the lesion?
Homonymous hemianopia → optic tract lesion
What is this visual field defect called and what causes it?
Central Scotoma
- MS
- Malignant hypertension
- Toxins (drugs Alcohol)
- Vascular
What is this?
Horners syndrome
- Miosis
- Anhidrosis
- Ptosis
- +/- enophthalmos
What are the causes of Horners syndrome?
- Pancoast tumour
- Brainstem stroke or tumour
- Syringomyelia
- Dissecting carotid aneurysm
- Trauma to the brachial plexus
- Migraine
What is this?
Xanthelasma
•Hyperlipidaemia
A lesion to which CN causes this?
Occulo motor nerve → CN3
What is this?
Diabetic retinopathy
What is this? What are the causes and what is the initial managment?
- Orbital cellulitis
- Meningitis, Cavernous sinus thrombosis
Treatment → IV antibiotics, Surgical decompression
What is this? what are 2 possible causes?
- Pappiloedema
- Raised intacranial pressure
- Malignant hypertension
- Central retinal vein thrombosis
What is this?
Dendritic ulcer → Herpes simplex keratitis
What is the difference between proliferative and non proliferative diabetic retinopathy?
The PROLIFERATION of blood vessels
What is this?
Trigeminal Herpes Ophthalmicus
What is this lesion and what causes it?
- Roths spot.
- Subacute Bacterial endocarditis
- Anaemia
- Leucaemia
What is this?
Exophthalmus
What is this? and what syndrome is at particular risk of suffering it?
Lens dislocation → Marfans syndrome
This man has bilateral ptosis, slowly progressive muscular wasting, cataracts and is slow to release your hand after shaking hands.
What is the diagnosis?
Myotonic dystrophy
- Slowly progressing muscle wasting
- Myotonia –muscles slow to relax after exertion
- Autosomal dominant
- Heart conduction defects
- Cataracts
What is this in a patient presenting with reduced vision?
- Pale optic disc
- Optic atrophy secondary to optic neuritis
What is this?
Stye (Hordeolum)
- Staphylococcal infection of lash follicle
- treat with cloramphenicol
What is this?
Conjunctivitis
What is this?
Central retinal vein thrombosis
