Eye conditions Flashcards
What acute eye condition can cause flashing lights
Retinal artery occlusion
Causes of sudden painless visual loss
- Retinal detachments
- Retinal artery/ vein occlusion
- Retinal migraine
- Optic neuritis
- Ischaemic eg stroke, temporal arteritis
- Vitreous haemorrhage
Causes of painful red eye. Which of these are emergencies?
- Conjunctivitis
- Scleritis
- Uveitis
- Keratitis (emergency)
- Acute glaucoma (emergency)
Causes of papilloedema
Anything that causes raised ICP
Brain tumour Head injury Brain bleed Meningitis/ encephalitis Life threatening hypertension
Causes of optic cupping
Chronic glaucoma
Causes of blurred optic disc lines
- Papilloedema
2. Optic neuritis
Causes of venous engorgement around optic disc
Retinal vein thrombosis
4 Fs in signs of retinal detachment
- Floaters
- Flashes
- Field loss (sudden, painless)
- Fall in acuity
Pathology of acute glaucoma
Blocked flow of aqueous fluid via canal of Schlemm
Why is acute glaucoma worse at night? (think of the pathology)
Night = pupil dilation = shortened ciliary muscles = more blocked flow of fluid
What do the following symptoms suggest:
- Painful red eye
- vomiting, headache
- haloes around eyes
- hazy/ swollen looking cornea
Acute close angle glaucoma
Potential eye complications with diabetes
- diabetic retinopathy
- vitreous haemorrhage
- acute optic neuritis
- retinal artery/vein occlusion
- retinal detachment
- cataracts
Risk factors for vitreous haemorrhage
- Diabetic retinopathy (bleeding of new vessels)
- Retinal detachment
- Retinal vein occlusion (bleeding of new vessels)
- Posterior vitreous detachment
Signs of vitreous haemorrhage
- Painless
- Floaters (small bleed)/ sudden visual loss (large bleed)
- Reduced red reflex
Causes of gradual vision loss
- Age related macular degeneration
- Diabetic retinopathy
- Cataracts
- Choroiditis
- Macular hole
