Eye/Brain Lab Flashcards
Spinal Cord
transmits information from the PNS to the brain and vice versa
Medulla Oblongata
inferior most part of the brainstem controlling involuntary actions such as vomiting, sneezing, swallowing, breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure
Pons
part of the brainstem inferior to (below) the midbrain involved with chewing, hearing, equilibrium, taste, and eye movement
Midbrain
superior (top) part of the brainstem; connection between brain and spinal cord; involved with vision and motor control
Cerebellum
major processor of motor coordination, controlling fine movements, motor learning and posture
Corpus Callosum
transfer information between the hemispheres; when severed there appear to be two separate conscious entities within the skull
Optic Chiasm
where optic nerves cross at the base of the cerebral cortex, allowing visual information to be processed by both hemispheres
Olfactory Bulb
with one on each hemisphere it receives olfactory information from the nose
Sulcus
plural-sulci; shallow furrow in the cerebral cortex that increases surface area
Gyrus
plural-gyri; ridge on the cerebral cortex (the outer part of the cerebrum) that increases surface area
Longitudinal Fissure
deep grove separating the left and right hemispheres
Cerebrum
largest part of the brain; made of four lobes on each hemisphere; it controls voluntary movement, processes sensory information, makes thoughts and memories, and emotions
What are the four lobes of the cerebrum?
frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital
What are the four lobes of the cerebrum?
frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital
Cerebrospinal Fluid
surronds the central nervous system, making it buoyant, protecting it, delivering substances, and removing wastes; when you sleep it is circulated around your brain removing wastes
Meninges
three protective membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord; meningitis is the inflammation of these
Nictitating Membrane
a third eyelid found in some animals that protects and moistens the eye; covers the eye medially coming from the inner side; humans do not have it
Sclera
the protective, fibrous white of the eye that maintains the shape of the eyeball; noticeable in humans because of the evolution of society
Choroid
vascular (blood supplying) layer between the retina and sclera; contains melanin (dark pigment) that stops light from reflecting around in the vitreous chamber, preventing images from blurring
Tapetum Lucidum
iridescent blue-green-silver tissue posterior to the retina that reflects light back through the retina, aiding in night vision in some animals; humans do not have it
Optic Nerve
transmits visual information from the retina to the brain
Retina
thin, tan, film-like layer at the innermost posterior part of the posterior chamber; contains photoreceptors that convert light into information that is sent to the optic nerve
Vitreous Body
clear gel in the vitreous chamber (from the lens to the retina); useful for determining time of death because of how it resists decomposition
Ciliary Body
ring of tissue on the posterior side of the iris that includes involuntary muscle that controls the shape of the lens, making the lens more convex when on near objects and flatter when focusing on farther away objects; produces aqueous humor
Lens
sits posterior to the pupil; firm, transparent, biconvex (bends outwards on the anterior and posterior sides), focuser of light onto the retina
Pupil
hole in the iris through which light enters
Iris
colored part of the eye that surrounds the pupil and controls its size
Aqueous Humor
fluid in the anterior chamber (from the cornea to the iris)
Cornea
protective covering at the anterior (front) of the eye over the iris; the pupil and the anterior chamber refracts (changes the direction of) light
