Anatomical Directions/ Everything Else Lab Flashcards
Gallbladder
small hallow organ on the posterior (inferior on humans) right side of the liver that stores bile
Proximal
nearer to the torso; used to describe limbs
Rectum
last part of the large intestine; stores feces before it is expelled from the anus
Spiral Colon
the wound up ascending colon; the ascending colon does not spiral in humans
Frontal Plane
divides the body into dorsal and ventral segments
Large Intestine
AKA colon; last part of the gastrointestinal tract; major site of water absorption
Cecum
first part of the large intestine, connected to the ileum; pouch that contains bacteria that breaks down plant material; in humans, the appendix is a bacterial reservoir attached to the cecum
Ileum
third and final section of the small intestine; absorbs nutrients
Jejunum
second section of the small intestine; absorbs nutrients
Dorsal
toward the back
Sagittal Plane
divides the body into left and right segments; midsagittal plane divides the body into left and right halves
Transverse Plane
divides a quadruped into anterior and posterior segments, but divides humans into superior and inferior segments
Deep
closer to the inside
Umbilical Cord
connection between the fetus and the placenta
Soft Palate
soft tissue covering the posterior roof of the mouth; closes off the nasal cavity during swallowing
Tongue
muscular organ in the mouth that aids with chewing and swallowing; important for speech in humans
External Nares
two outer openings of the nose
Hard Palate
thin bony plate that covers the roof of the mouth
Sublingual Glands
saliva producing tissue ventral and lateral to the anterior half of the tongue; smallest salivary glands
Toes
digits of the foot
Tail
flexible posterior appendage of the torso
Abdomen
region of the torso posterior (but inferior on humans) to the thorax; contains most of the digestive system
Medial
toward the middle
Posterior
toward the tail (but synonymous with dorsal for humans)
Shoulder
joint between the torso and arm
Pancreas
gland dorsal to the stomach and near the base of the spleen that makes digestive enzymes; resembles chewed gum
Torse
AKA trunk; thorax (chest region) and abdomen (gut region)
Head
anterior portion that contains the brains and special sensory organs
Hip
joint between the torso and thigh
Wrist
joint between forearm and anterior foot
Superficial
closer to the outside
Scrotum
contains the testes; near the anus
Distal
further from the torso; used to describe limbs
Elbow
joint between the arm and forearm
Anterior
toward the head (but refers to the front of the body on humans)
Lateral
toward the side
Genital Papilla
external structure that covers the vagina
Urogenital Opening (female)
exit/entrance of reproductive system and where urine exits; it is near the anus
Urogenital Opening (male)
hole through which the penis exits and where the urine exits; near the umbilical cord
Mesentery
connective tissue connecting the organs of the abdominal cavity
Greater Omentum
apron-like layer of fat and other connective tissue on the ventral side of the abdominal cavity
Ankle
joint between the leg and “foot”; note pigs walk on their toes
Ventral
toward the chest/abdomen, opposite of the back (synonymous with anterior in humans)
Anus
exit of the digestive system
Liver
large organ to the right of and anterior (superior in humans) to the stomach that detoxifies blood from the digestive system; makes bile (fluid that aids in the digestion of lipids) and stores glycogen (a storage form of glucose)
Duodenum
first and shortest section of the small intestine; receives chyme from the stomach, bile from the liver, and enzymes from the pancreas
Stomach
hollow organ that holds chyme (partially digested food and gastric juices) slowly releasing the chyme into the small intestine; gastric rugae are ridges in the stomach that allows the stomach to expand
Submandibular Glands
saliva producing tissue ventral (inferior to humans) to the posterior part of the jaw; sub means below and the jaw bone is the mandible
Parotid Glands
saliva producing tissue on the left and right sides of the head; lateral to the posterior part of the jaw
Mammary Papillae
projection of skin (nipples) from which (in females) offspring may drink milk; males have non-functioning mammary papillae
Pinna
singular- pinna; the external ears
Epiglottis
flap of cartilage that closes off the larynx (voice box leading to the lungs) during swallowing
Pharynx
the anterior (superior in humans) portion of the throat that connects the esophagus; also part of the respiratory system
Knee
Joint between the thigh and leg
Eyelids
skin that covers and protects the eye
Esophagus
muscular tube that leads from the pharynx to the stomach; dorsal to the trachea (windpipe)
Thorax
anterior (but superior in humans) part of the torso containing the heart and lungs
