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Biology Lab 1108 > Anatomical Directions/ Everything Else Lab > Flashcards

Anatomical Directions/ Everything Else Lab Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Gallbladder

A

small hallow organ on the posterior (inferior on humans) right side of the liver that stores bile

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2
Q

Proximal

A

nearer to the torso; used to describe limbs

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3
Q

Rectum

A

last part of the large intestine; stores feces before it is expelled from the anus

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4
Q

Spiral Colon

A

the wound up ascending colon; the ascending colon does not spiral in humans

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5
Q

Frontal Plane

A

divides the body into dorsal and ventral segments

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6
Q

Large Intestine

A

AKA colon; last part of the gastrointestinal tract; major site of water absorption

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7
Q

Cecum

A

first part of the large intestine, connected to the ileum; pouch that contains bacteria that breaks down plant material; in humans, the appendix is a bacterial reservoir attached to the cecum

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8
Q

Ileum

A

third and final section of the small intestine; absorbs nutrients

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9
Q

Jejunum

A

second section of the small intestine; absorbs nutrients

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10
Q

Dorsal

A

toward the back

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11
Q

Sagittal Plane

A

divides the body into left and right segments; midsagittal plane divides the body into left and right halves

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12
Q

Transverse Plane

A

divides a quadruped into anterior and posterior segments, but divides humans into superior and inferior segments

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13
Q

Deep

A

closer to the inside

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14
Q

Umbilical Cord

A

connection between the fetus and the placenta

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15
Q

Soft Palate

A

soft tissue covering the posterior roof of the mouth; closes off the nasal cavity during swallowing

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16
Q

Tongue

A

muscular organ in the mouth that aids with chewing and swallowing; important for speech in humans

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17
Q

External Nares

A

two outer openings of the nose

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18
Q

Hard Palate

A

thin bony plate that covers the roof of the mouth

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19
Q

Sublingual Glands

A

saliva producing tissue ventral and lateral to the anterior half of the tongue; smallest salivary glands

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20
Q

Toes

A

digits of the foot

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21
Q

Tail

A

flexible posterior appendage of the torso

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22
Q

Abdomen

A

region of the torso posterior (but inferior on humans) to the thorax; contains most of the digestive system

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23
Q

Medial

A

toward the middle

24
Q

Posterior

A

toward the tail (but synonymous with dorsal for humans)

25
Q

Shoulder

A

joint between the torso and arm

26
Q

Pancreas

A

gland dorsal to the stomach and near the base of the spleen that makes digestive enzymes; resembles chewed gum

27
Q

Torse

A

AKA trunk; thorax (chest region) and abdomen (gut region)

28
Q

Head

A

anterior portion that contains the brains and special sensory organs

29
Q

Hip

A

joint between the torso and thigh

30
Q

Wrist

A

joint between forearm and anterior foot

31
Q

Superficial

A

closer to the outside

32
Q

Scrotum

A

contains the testes; near the anus

33
Q

Distal

A

further from the torso; used to describe limbs

34
Q

Elbow

A

joint between the arm and forearm

35
Q

Anterior

A

toward the head (but refers to the front of the body on humans)

36
Q

Lateral

A

toward the side

37
Q

Genital Papilla

A

external structure that covers the vagina

38
Q

Urogenital Opening (female)

A

exit/entrance of reproductive system and where urine exits; it is near the anus

39
Q

Urogenital Opening (male)

A

hole through which the penis exits and where the urine exits; near the umbilical cord

40
Q

Mesentery

A

connective tissue connecting the organs of the abdominal cavity

41
Q

Greater Omentum

A

apron-like layer of fat and other connective tissue on the ventral side of the abdominal cavity

42
Q

Ankle

A

joint between the leg and “foot”; note pigs walk on their toes

43
Q

Ventral

A

toward the chest/abdomen, opposite of the back (synonymous with anterior in humans)

44
Q

Anus

A

exit of the digestive system

45
Q

Liver

A

large organ to the right of and anterior (superior in humans) to the stomach that detoxifies blood from the digestive system; makes bile (fluid that aids in the digestion of lipids) and stores glycogen (a storage form of glucose)

46
Q

Duodenum

A

first and shortest section of the small intestine; receives chyme from the stomach, bile from the liver, and enzymes from the pancreas

47
Q

Stomach

A

hollow organ that holds chyme (partially digested food and gastric juices) slowly releasing the chyme into the small intestine; gastric rugae are ridges in the stomach that allows the stomach to expand

48
Q

Submandibular Glands

A

saliva producing tissue ventral (inferior to humans) to the posterior part of the jaw; sub means below and the jaw bone is the mandible

49
Q

Parotid Glands

A

saliva producing tissue on the left and right sides of the head; lateral to the posterior part of the jaw

50
Q

Mammary Papillae

A

projection of skin (nipples) from which (in females) offspring may drink milk; males have non-functioning mammary papillae

51
Q

Pinna

A

singular- pinna; the external ears

52
Q

Epiglottis

A

flap of cartilage that closes off the larynx (voice box leading to the lungs) during swallowing

53
Q

Pharynx

A

the anterior (superior in humans) portion of the throat that connects the esophagus; also part of the respiratory system

54
Q

Knee

A

Joint between the thigh and leg

55
Q

Eyelids

A

skin that covers and protects the eye

56
Q

Esophagus

A

muscular tube that leads from the pharynx to the stomach; dorsal to the trachea (windpipe)

57
Q

Thorax

A

anterior (but superior in humans) part of the torso containing the heart and lungs

Biology Lab 1108 (7 decks)

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