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KC HEENT > EYE BALLZ > Flashcards

EYE BALLZ Flashcards

1
Q

Slit lamp used for

A

Corneal involvement (pinguecula and pterygium)

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2
Q

CT scan use

A

R/o orbital cellulitis in Dx of dacroadenitis

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3
Q

Tied for MC eye dz in US

A

Cataracts and macular degeneration

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4
Q

MC eye dz worldwide resulting in blindness

A

Cataracts

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5
Q

Tx for macular degeneration

A
  • Ranibizumab (Lucentis): prevents neovascularization by inhibiting VEGF aka only indicated w/ neovascular-associated MD
  • may preserve vision
  • monthly injections
  • ADR: traumatic cataract, increase IOP, detached retina
  • Also supplementation: vit e, ascorbic acid, beta carotene, zinc and cupric oxide
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6
Q

MC eye dz in US and worldwide (rank 1-4)

A

US: 1 & 2– tied w/ cataracts and macular degeneration
3– retinopathy
4– glaucoma

W: 1- cataracts
2- glaucoma
3- macular degeneration
4- retinopathy

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7
Q

Drusen spots:

A

Macular degeneration

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8
Q

This dz can lead to optic neuritis if left un-tx

A

Open Glaucoma

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9
Q

Cotton wool patches and neovascularization are seen w/

A

Diabetic retinopathy

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10
Q

AV nicking, papilledema, and retinal hemorrhage are seen w/ this dz

A

Hypertensive retinopathy

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11
Q

Narrowing of eye arteries w/ indentations where veins cross

A

AV nicking in hypertensive retinopathy

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12
Q

These are caused by infarcted nerve fibers

A

Cotton wool patches in diabetic retinopathy

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13
Q

These are caused by chronic hypoxia in the retinal tissue; stimulated by VEGF

A

Neovascularization w/ diabetic retinopathy

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14
Q

High pressure to BV resulting in vessel rupture

A

Retinal hemorrhage in hypertensive retinopathy

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15
Q 
NSAID eye drops: 
Brand/generic
Indication:
MOA: 
SE:
A 
Ketorolac (acular)
Diclofenac (voltaren)
MOA: inhibit prostaglandin e2 in aqueous humor
Use: primary use--> post-op w/ catarct surgery; inflammation w/ seasonal allergic conjunctivitis; weird eye webs (pinguecula, pterygium)
SE: minor ocular irritation
But also..
- iritis
- superficial keratitis
- superficial ocular infx
- ocular and corneal edema
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16
Q 
Opth. Corticosteroids:
Generic/brand
Use 
MOA
SE
A 
Prednisolone (pred-forte)
Tobramycin-dexamethazone (tobradex)
Triamcinoclone (Triesence)
Use: inflammation of eye
- anterior uveitis
- burns
- superficial bacterial infx
- weird web things (pingueculum, pterygium)
MOA: inhibit prostaglandins and leukotrienes- aka inflammatory mediators
SE: glaucoma
17
Q

Difference between pterygium and pinguecula

A

Pterygium w. Corneal involvement; may require surgical excision
Pingueculum w/o

18
Q

Difference between hordeolum and chalazion

A 
Chalazion- internal surface of eyelid
- blocked meibomian gland
- non-tender
- no real tx; warm compress/watch and wait 2-4 wks--> refer to Opth.
Hordeolum: external surface of eyelid 
MC w. Staph A
- tender and painful
- oral abx
-warm compress/watch and wait 2-4 wks--> refer to Opth.
19
Q

Describe blepharitis s/s and tx

A

S/s: inflammation of the eyelid that is pruritic and “crusty”
- pt visibly uncomfortable and may feel foreign object
Tx: wash w/ baby shampoo; warm compress; if severe, may Rq. Erythromycin or bacitracin ointment

20
Q

Xanthelasma etiology, presentation, & tx

A
  • likely related to unregulated lipid levels–> chronic hyperlipidemia
  • yellow plaque on eyelid
  • tx: control chronic dz; potentially cosmetic surgery
21
Q

C/i of corticosteroid drops

A
  • glaucoma

- herpetic keratitis–> blindness

22
Q

Lubricant eye drops:
2 kinds
Indications
MOA

A

Syntane
Lacri-lube
- relief for dry or itchy eyes
- buffers to adjust pH; maintains ocular Tonicity; increases viscosity of eye fluids to increase hydration and comfort (via petrolatum, carboxymethylcellulose, & polysorbate)

23
Q

Tx for open angle glaucoma (first, second, and third)

A

1: prostaglandin inhibitors & beta blockers
2: selective alpha-2 receptor agonists & cholinergic agents
3: topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

24
Q

Flow of tears in general:

A

Lacrimal gland–> canaliculi–> sac–> duct–> nasal cavity & beyond to swallow

25
Q

Main difference between dacroadenitis and dacrocystitis

A

Lacrimal gland vs. lacrimal duct: i.e. Location of pain or discomfort

26
Q

Dacroadenitis/dacrocystitis tx

A

R/o orbital cellulitis
Mild: keflex or augmentin w/ 24h f/u
Severe: IV abs & admit to hospital

27
Q

B-blocker tx for open angle glaucoma: drugs and MOA

A

1st line tx
1- selective: Betaxolol (betopic)
2- non selective: timolol (timoptic) & levobunolol (betagan)
MOA: decrease production of aqueous humor
Systemic SE: respiratory arrest, bradycardia, masks hypoglycemia
C: COPD, asthma, pulmonary edema, type 2 or 3 heart blocks

28
Q

Prostaglandin inhibitor: tx for open angle glaucoma–> drugs and MOA

A 
1st line tx
Bimatoprost (lumigan)
Latanoprost (xalatan)
MOA: increase aqueous outflow
Results w. 25%; qd dosing
AE: hypertrichosis & drake eyelashes (latisse); increase iris pigmentation
29
Q

Selective alpha2-receptor agonist tx for open angle glaucoma: drugs and MOA

A 
2nd line tx
- brimonidine (alphagan)
- increases aqueous outflow & decreases aqueous production
AE: blepharo-conjunctivitis 
Systemic: ha, fatigue, dry mouth
30
Q

Cholinergic tx for open angle glaucoma: drugs and MOA

A

2nd line tx
- pilocarpine soln (isopto carpine)
- increase aqueous outflow; physically pulls open trabecular meshwork
- miotic agent; only applied w/ decreased IOP
AE: brow ache, vision probs, accommodation/myopia probs
Systemic: n/v/d, bradycardia
C: sulfa allergy, COPD, hepatic insufficiency, Renal failure, hypo- kalemia and natremia

31
Q

Topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: tx for open angle glaucoma: drugs and MOA

A

3rd line tx
Topical: brinzolamide(azopt)
Systemic: acetazolamide(diamox)
- decrease aqueous production
Cease secretion of na and bicarbonate from ciliary body to aqueous humor
SE: systemic–> parasthesis and kidney stones; acidosis
CI: same as cholinergic agents- except hypernatremia

32
Q

Never repair an eye lid laceration w/

A

Tarsal plate or medial canthus involvement

- or if potential globe penetration

33
Q

Never do this with an eyebrow laceration

A

Shave the eyebrow

34
Q

Make sure to do this with an eyelid foreign body sensation

A

Invert and avert the upper and lower eyelids

KC HEENT (9 decks)

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