Eye Abnormal Findings Flashcards
symmetrical corneal light reflex - pseudostrabismus
has the appearance of strabismus because of epicanthic fold but is normal for a young child
strabismus
true disparity of the eye axes, constant misalignment is also termed tropia and is likely to cause ambylopia
esotropia
inward turn of the eye
extropia
outward turning of they eyes
phoria
uncovered eye in over-uncover test; mild weakness, apparent only with cover-uncover test, and less likely to cause ambylopia than a tropia
esophpria
inward drift of the eye, as eye is uncovered it jumps to re-establish fixation, weakness exists
exophoria
outward drift of the eye, jumps to re-establish fixation, weakness exists
which CN is affected when site of paralysis is medial rectus and the eye does not turn in straight nasal direction
CN III
which CN is affected when site of paralysis is inferior oblique and the eye does not turn in the direction up and nasal
CN III
which CN is affected when the site of paralysis is superior oblique and the eye does not turn in the direction of up and temporal
CN III
which CN is affected when the site of paralysis is lateral rectus and the eye does not turn in the straight temporal direction
CN VI
which CN is affected when the site of paralysis is inferior rectus and the eye does not turn in the down and temporal direction
CN III
which CN is affected when the site of paralysis is superior oblique and the eye does not turn in the down and nasal direction
CN IV
what is abnormal finding is described as eyelids being swollen and puffy. eyelid tissues are loosely connected, and excess fluid is easily apparent. this occurs with local infections, with crying, and with systemic conditions such as HF, renal failure, allergy, and hypothyroidism
Periorbital edema
what is abnormal finding is described as eyeballs are displaced forward, and palpebral fissures are widened. “lid lag”, upper eyelid rests well above the limbus, and white sclera is visible. Acquired bilateral ________ is associated with thyrotoxicosis
exophthalmos - protruding eyes
what is abnormal finding is described as appearance of narrowed palpebral fissures, in which eyeballs are recessed. Bilateral ______ is caused by loss of fat in the orbits and occurs with dehydration and chronic wasting illnesses.
Enophthalmos - sunked eyes
what is abnormal finding is described as a positional defect that gives pt a sleepy appearance and impairs vision. It is caused by neuromuscular weakness, oculomotor cranial nerve III damage, or sympathetic nerve damage
ptosis (drooping upper eyelid)
what is abnormal finding is described as normal in many children, these slants (when combined with epicanthal folds), hypertelorism, and Brushfields’s spots - indicate down syndrome
upward palpebral slant
what is abnormal finding is described as the lower eyelid is loose, rolls outward, and does not approximate to eyeball. Puncta cannot siphon tears effectively, and excess tearing results. the eyes feel dry and itchy because the tears do not drain correctly over the corner and toward the medial canthus. exposure of the palpebral conjunctiva increases risk for inflammation. this occurs with aging as a result of atrophy of elastic and fibrous tissues, but it may result from trauma.
ectropion
what is abnormal finding is described as lower eyelid rolls inward because of spasm of eyelids or scar tissue contracting. constant rubbing of lashes may irritate cornea. the patient feels a “foreign body” sensation
entropion
what is abnormal finding is described as red, scaly, greasy flakes and thickened, crusted eyelid margins occur with staphylococcal infection or seborrheic dermatitis of the eyelid edge. Symptoms include burning sensation, itching, tearing, foreign body sensation, and some pain.
blepharitis (inflammation of the eyelids)