Abdominal Abnormal Findings

Question 1

uniformly rounded, umbilicus sunken, may be hard to feel through thick abdominal wall

Answer 1

obesity

Question 2

single round curve, hyperactive with early intestinal obstruction, tympany over large area, may have muscle spasm of abdominal wall

Answer 2

air or gas

Question 3

single curve, everted umbilicus, bulging flanks in supine position, normal bound sounds over intestines, tympany at top where intestines float

Answer 3

ascites

Question 4

curve in lower half of abdomen, midline, everted umbilicus, normal bound sounds over upper abdomen where intestines are pushed superiorly, top dull over fluid, intestines pushed superiorly

Answer 4

ovarian cyst

Question 5

single curve, umbilicus protruding, breasts engorged

Answer 5

pregnancy

Question 6

localized distention, normal bowel sounds, tympany predominates, scattered dullness over fecal mass

Answer 6

feces

Question 7

localized distention, normal bowel sounds, dull over mass if mass reaches up to skin surface, used to define borders and distinguish from enlarged organ or normally palpable structure

Answer 7

tumour

Question 8

hepatitis may produce mild to moderate dull pain in RUQ or epigastrium

Answer 8

liver

Question 9

gastroesophageal reflux disease is a complex symptoms of esophagitis

Answer 9

esophagus

Question 10

cholecystitis is biliary colic, sudden pain in RUQ that may radiate to the right or left scapula and that builds over time

Answer 10

gallbladder

Question 11

gastric ulcer pain, gnawing epigastric pain usually brought on by eating

Answer 11

stomach

Question 12

appendicitis typically starts as dull, diffuse pain in periumbilical region that later shifts to severe, sharp, chronic pain and tenderness

Answer 12

appendix

Question 13

stones prompt a sudden onset of severe, colicky flank or lower abdominal pain

Answer 13

kidney

Question 14

produces acute, boring midepigastric pain radiating to the back and sometimes to the left scapula or flank, severe nausea, and vomiting

Answer 14

pancreas

Question 15

duodenal ulcer typically produces dull, aching, gnawing pain, does not radiate, may be relieved by food, and may awaken the patient from sleep

Answer 15

duodenum

Question 16

gastroenteritis produces diffuse, generalized abdominal pain, with nausea and diarrhea

Answer 16

small intestine

Question 17

large bowel obstruction produces moderate, colicky pain of gradual onset in lower abdomen, with bloating. IBS

Answer 17

colon

Question 18

soft, skin-covered mass, which is the protrusion of the omentum or intestine through a weakness or incomplete closure in the umbilical ring

Answer 18

umbilical hernia

Question 19

protrusion of abdominal structures that presents as a small, fatty nodule at the epigastrium in the midline, through the linea alba

Answer 19

epigastric hernia

Question 20

bulge near an old operative scar that may not show when patient is supine but is apparent when the pt increases intra-abdominal pressure by a sit-up by standing, or by performing the valsalva manoeuvre

Answer 20

incisional hernia

Question 21

diminished or absence of bowel sounds signal decreased motility that results from inflammation, as with peritonitis from paralytic ileus, as after abdominal surgery, or from late bowel obstruction, also occurs with pneumonia

Answer 21

hypoactive bowel sounds

Question 22

loud, gurgling sounds signal increased motiltiy. occur with early mechanical bowel obstruction, gastroenteritis, brisk diarrhea, laxative use, and subsiding paralytic ileus

Answer 22

hyperactive bowel sounds

Question 23

located in abdomen below the renal arteries and extending to the umbilicus

Answer 23

abdominal aortic aneurysm