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eye ! Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

frontal view !

A 
cornea 
conjunctiva 
pupil 
iris 
eyelid 
eyelash 
tear gland
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2
Q

cornea !

A

refract light rays into the eye

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3
Q

conjunctiva !

A

secretes mucus -> keep front of eyeball moist

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4
Q

pupil !

A

allow light to enter eye

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5
Q

iris !

A

controls amt of light entering eye + contains pigment -> gives eye its colour

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6
Q

eyelid !

A

protects cornea from mechanical damage

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7
Q

eyelash !

A

shields the eye from dust particles

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8
Q

tear gland !

A

secretes tears

  • wash away dust particles
  • keep the cornea moist for atmospheric oxygen to dissolve -> diffuse into cornea
  • lubricate conjunctiva -> reduces friction when eyelids move
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9
Q

vertical view !

A 
sclera 
choroid
retina 
forea
blind spot
optic nerve
lens 
suspensory ligament 
aqurous chamber 
viterous chamber
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10
Q

sclera !

A

protects eyeball from mechanical damage

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11
Q

choroid !

A

contains blood vessels that carry oxygen & nutrients to eyeball + remove metabolic waste products

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12
Q

retina !

A

light-sensitive layer on which images are formed

contains photoreceptors
- rods : enable us to see in black&white in dim light
cones : enable us to see colours in bright light

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13
Q

forea !

A

images are formed here

- contains cones, no rods -> enables a person to have detailed colour vision in bright light

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14
Q

blind spot !

A

does not contain photoreceptors -> not sensitive to light

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15
Q

optic nerve !

A

transmit nerve impulses to brain when photoreceptors in retina are stimulated

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16
Q

lens !

A

transparent, circular & biconcave structure

elastic : able to change its shape & thickness to refract light onto retina

17
Q

aqueous & vitreous chamber !

A

filled with aqueous/viterous humour : transparent, watery fluid

  • keeps front of eyeball firm
  • helps refract light into pupil
18
Q

image formation on retina !

A

light rays : refracted through cornea & aqueous humour onto lens
- further refracted when passed through lens

image on retina : stimulates photoreceptors depending on intensity of light -> nerve impulses transmitted through optic nerve -> brain

  • vertically inverted (upside down)
  • laterally inverted (mirror image)
  • diminished (smaller than object)

brain : corrective function
- makes image upright

19
Q

pupil reflex process !

A

change in light intensity detected by retina (receptor) -> sends nerve impulses to optic nerve (sensory neurone) -> synapse -> brain (relay neurone) -> synapse -> motor neurone -> iris’ circular & radial muscles (effector) -> response (constrict/dilate)

20
Q

bright light !

A

circular muscles of iris : contract
radial muscles of iris : relax

pupil : becomes smaller, constricts
- reduces amount of light entering eye to prevent mechanical damage to retina

21
Q

dim light !

A

circular muscles of iris : relax
radial muscles of iris : contract

pupil : enlarges, dilates
- increases amt of light entering eye -> see better in the dark

22
Q

distant object !

A

ciliary muscles : relax -> pulling on suspensory ligaments

suspensory ligaments : taunt -> pulling on the edge of lens

lens : becomes thinner, less convex -> increases focal length

light rays : sharply focused on retina -> stimulating photoreceptors

nerve impulses : produced & transmit to brain by optic nerve

brain : interprets impulses -> person sees distant object

23
Q

near object !

A

cililary muscles : contract -> relaxing pull on suspensory ligaments

suspensory ligaments : slacken -> relaxing pull on lens

lens : becomes thicker, more convex -> decreasing focal length

light rays : sharply focused on retina -> stimulates photoreceptors

nerve impulses : produced -> transmitted by optic nerve to brain

brain : Interprets impulses -> person sees nearby object

24
Q

far vision !

A

light rays : parallel

- smaller angle of refraction

25
Q

near vision !

A

light rays : divergent

- greater angle of refraction

bio ! (13 decks)

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