Extremity Trauma

Question 1

What are the 3 types of tourniquets?

Answer 1

CAT
EMT
SOFTT

Question 2

Abx for extremity trauma

Answer 2

Ertapenem
Cefazolin
Cefoxitin

Question 3

Hemostatic gauze for TCCC

Answer 3

Combat
Chito
Xstat

Question 4

Junctional tourniquets

Answer 4

JETT
SAMS
CRoC

Question 5

What is given PO as Abx?

Answer 5

Moxifloxicin

Question 6

Auscultation over the injury may reveal a bruit indicative of

Answer 6

vascular damage, thrombosis, or compression

Question 7

Arterial injury signs?

Answer 7

1) Active hemorrhage
2) Expanding or pulsatile hematoma
3) Bruit or thrill over wound
4) Absent distal pulses
5) Extremity ischemia

Question 8

Contraindications to traction femur splint?

Answer 8

Pelvic frac
femoral neck frac
Foot/ankle amputation
Frac adjacent to knee

Question 9

Abx prophylaxis?

Answer 9

a) Cefoxitin
b) Cefazolin
c) Ertapenem

Question 10

Association of pelvic frac with amputation?

Answer 10

1) Any lower limb – 22%
2) Unilateral – 10%
3) Bilateral lower limb amputation – 30%
4) Bilateral lower limb above knee amputation – 39%

Question 11

What pelvic ring fracture causes the greatest bleeding such as from a fall from a height landing leg first?

Answer 11

Vertical Shear

Question 12

• Majority of pelvic ring fractures

Answer 12

lateral compression pelvic ring fracture

Question 13

(open book) symphysis pubis is disrupted and volume of pelvis is increased

Answer 13

anterior posterior compression fracture of pelvis

Question 14

What do you clean amputation with?

Answer 14

LR

Question 15

What do you wrap the amputated part in?

Answer 15

Sterile moist LR solution

Question 16

How many compartments are in the forearm?

Answer 16

3

Question 17

How many compartments are in the calf?

Answer 17

4

Question 18

2 most common causes of compartment syndrome?

Answer 18

• Hemorrhage from fracture

* Edema following reperfusion injury

Question 19

What is the capillary pressure that is exceeded in compartment syndrome?

Answer 19

30mmHg

Question 20

2 most common signs of compartment syndrome?

Answer 20

Pain and paresthesia

Question 21

Types of splints?

Answer 21

Rigid
Formable
Improvised
Anatomical

Question 22

Types of rigid splints?

Answer 22

(a) Plaster
(b) Fiberglass
(c) Wood
(d) Metal (Scoop Splint)
(e) Inflatable “air splints”

Question 23

What’s significant about rigid splints?

Answer 23

CANNOT change in shape

Question 24

Most common diagnosis for use of rigid splint?

Answer 24

stable, nondisplaced, closed fracture of a long bone.

Question 25

Contraindications for rigid splint?

Answer 25

(a) Early (premature) casting: Casting before maximal swelling has occurred can cause necrosis and compartment syndrome. (b) Open wound: Never place a cast over an open wound because of the potential for infection. If the wound is not too large, a window may be cut in the cast to monitor it. (c) Unstable fractures: These fractures need surgical repair; splint only until definitive treatment can be provided.

Question 26

Examples of formable splints?

Answer 26

1) Vacuum splints 2) Pillows 3) Blankets 4) Cardboards splints 5) SAM splints 6) Wire ladder splints

Question 27

Examples of anatomical splints?

Answer 27

Ankle taping Ace wrap Cravats for arm body splints

Question 28

Do you elevate a splinted extremity if spinal injury is not suspected?

Answer 28

Yes

Question 29

(c) Injuries below the elbow, ensure the hand is placed in position of function.

Answer 29

OK

Question 30

(d) Injuries of the elbow and above, use narrow sling to reduce pressure on elbow.

Answer 30

Ok

Question 31

2 types of ankle splints?

Answer 31

sugar tong and posterior

Question 32

Splint for ankle sprains to prevent inversion or eversion?

Answer 32

Sugar Tong

Question 33

splint may be used with stable tibial or fibular fractures and plantar fasciitis to restrict dorsiflexion or plantar flexion of the foot and ankle complex.

Answer 33

Posterior splint

Question 34

What splint does the following? a) Decrease the pain and damage caused by a femur fracture. (b) Stabilize the fracture (c) Align the limb to be placed in splint

Answer 34

Hare Traction Splint

Question 35

What splint cannot be used for femur fractures with complete or partial amputation of the lower extremity.

Answer 35

Hare Traction Splint * because no attachment point to pull traction

Question 36

1) A traction splint is NOT applied to an injury within 2 inches of the pelvic or the knee

Answer 36

OK

Question 37

Other contraindications of hare traction splint?

Answer 37

(b) Hip dislocation (c) Open femur fracture (d) Femur fracture close to the knee (e) Injuries of the upper extremity (f) Partial amputations or avulsions with bone separation. (g) Lower leg, foot, or ankle injuries.

Question 38

Complications of hare traction?

Answer 38

(a) Compression of nerves, tissues and blood vessels from the splint. (b) Reduction of distal circulation. (c) Aggravation of injury to include nerve, vessel, and muscle damage. (d) Delay in transport.

Question 39

where do you position hare traction splint??

Answer 39

**** Position against ischial tuberosity

Question 40

What is your landmark for pelvic binder?

Answer 40

*** Greater trochanter

Question 41

The amount of traction usually required does not exceed what amount on hare traction?

Answer 41

*** 15 pounds | Excessive traction can be harmful